Operators can be poor monitors of automation if they are engaged concurrently in other tasks. However, in previous studies of this phenomenon the automated task was always presented in the periphery, away from the primary manual tasks that were centrally displayed. In this study we examined whether centrally locating an automated task would boost monitoring performance during a flight-simulation task consisting of system monitoring, tracking and fuel resource management sub-tasks. Twelve nonpilot subjects were required to perform the tracking and fuel management tasks manually while watching the automated system monitoring task for occasional failures. The automation reliability was constant at 87.5% for six subjects and variable (alternating between 87.5% and 56.25%) for the other six subjects. Each subject completed four 30 min sessions over a period of 2 days. In each automation reliability condition the automation routine was disabled for the last 20 min of the fourth session in order to simulate catastrophic automation failure (0 % reliability). Monitoring for automation failure was inefficient when automation reliability was constant but not when it varied over time, replicating previous results. Furthermore, there was no evidence of resource or speed accuracy trade-off between tasks. Thus, automation-induced failures of monitoring cannot be prevented by centrally locating the automated task.

中文翻译：

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自动化引起的监视效率低下：显示位置的作用。

如果操作员同时从事其他任务，则他们可能是不良的自动化监控者。但是，在以前对这种现象的研究中，自动化任务总是显示在外围，而不是集中显示的主要手动任务。在这项研究中，我们研究了在飞行模拟任务（包括系统监视，跟踪和燃料资源管理子任务）中集中放置自动化任务是否会提高监视性能。要求十二名非飞行员受试者手动执行跟踪和燃料管理任务，同时观察自动系统监视任务是否偶尔出现故障。六个主题的自动化可靠性恒定为87.5％，其他六个主题的自动化可靠性则为可变（介于87.5％和56.25％之间）。每个主题在2天的时间内完成了四个30分钟的课程。在每种自动化可靠性条件下，第四次会话的最后20分钟都禁用自动化例程，以模拟灾难性的自动化故障（可靠性为0％）。当自动化可靠性保持恒定时，对自动化故障的监视效率很低，但是随着时间的推移而变化，则无法复制以前的结果。此外，没有证据表明任务之间在资源或速度准确性之间进行了权衡。因此，无法通过集中定位自动化任务来防止自动化导致的监视失败。当自动化可靠性保持恒定时，对自动化故障的监视效率很低，但是随着时间的推移而变化，则无法复制以前的结果。此外，没有证据表明任务之间在资源或速度准确性之间进行了权衡。因此，无法通过集中定位自动化任务来防止自动化导致的监视失败。当自动化可靠性保持恒定时，对自动化故障的监视效率很低，但是随着时间的推移而变化，则无法复制以前的结果。此外，没有证据表明任务之间在资源或速度准确性之间进行了权衡。因此，无法通过集中定位自动化任务来防止自动化导致的监视失败。