Abiotic and biotic drivers of co-occurring fungal functional guilds across regional-scale environmental gradients remain poorly understood. We characterized fungal communities using Illumina sequencing from soil cores collected across three Neotropical rainforests in Panama that vary in soil properties and plant community composition. We classified each fungal OTU into different functional guilds, namely plant pathogens, saprotrophs, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), or ectomycorrhizal (ECM). We measured soil properties and nutrients within each core and determined the tree community composition and richness around each sampling core. Canonical correspondence analyses showed that soil pH and moisture were shared potential drivers of fungal communities for all guilds. However, partial the Mantel tests showed different strength of responses of fungal guilds to composition of trees and soils. Plant pathogens and saprotrophs were more strongly correlated with soil properties than with tree composition; ECM fungi showed a stronger correlation with tree composition than with soil properties; and AM fungi were correlated with soil properties, but not with trees. In conclusion, we show that co-occurring fungal guilds respond differently to abiotic and biotic environmental factors, depending on their ecological function. This highlights the joint role that abiotic and biotic factors play in determining composition of fungal communities, including those associated with plant hosts.

中文翻译：

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在巴拿马的三种热带雨林中，共生真菌功能基团对树木邻域和土壤特性的反应不同。

跨区域尺度环境梯度共同存在的真菌功能性协会的非生物和生物驱动因素仍然知之甚少。我们使用Illumina测序从巴拿马三处新热带雨林中收集的土壤核心中表征的真菌群落特征，这些土壤的土壤性质和植物群落组成各不相同。我们将每个真菌OTU分为不同的功能行业，即植物病原体，腐生菌，丛枝菌根（AM）或外生菌根（ECM）。我们测量了每个核心的土壤特性和养分，并确定了每个采样核心周围的树木群落组成和丰富度。典型的对应分析表明，土壤pH和水分是所有行会真菌群落共有的潜在驱动因素。然而，部分的Mantel测试显示，真菌行会对树木和土壤成分的反应强度不同。与树木组成相比，植物病原体和腐生菌与土壤特性的相关性更强。ECM真菌与树木组成的相关性强于土壤特性。和AM真菌与土壤特性相关，但与树木无关。总之，我们表明，共生真菌协会对非生物和生物环境因素的反应不同，这取决于它们的生态功能。这突出了非生物和生物因子在决定真菌群落组成（包括与植物宿主相关的真菌群落）中的共同作用。ECM真菌与树木组成的相关性强于土壤特性。和AM真菌与土壤特性相关，但与树木无关。总之，我们表明，共生真菌协会对非生物和生物环境因素的反应不同，这取决于它们的生态功能。这突出了非生物和生物因子在决定真菌群落（包括与植物宿主相关的真菌群落）组成中的共同作用。ECM真菌与树木组成的相关性强于土壤特性。和AM真菌与土壤特性相关，但与树木无关。总之，我们表明，共生真菌协会对非生物和生物环境因素的反应不同，这取决于它们的生态功能。这突出了非生物和生物因子在决定真菌群落组成（包括与植物宿主相关的真菌群落）中的共同作用。