Disinfection is intended to improve drinking water quality and human health. Although disinfectants may transform organic matter and form disinfection by-products (DBPs), many are branded as cyto- and genotoxic. Traditionally, research focuses on the effects of DBPs on human health, but cytogenic impacts on aquatic organisms still remain ill defined. The current study examines the potential toxic effect of chloroform and iodoform (DBPs) on Cyprinus carpio, selected as a model organism. Fish specimens were exposed to various concentrations of DBPs primarily based on LD50 values, where acute toxicity was monitored for 96 h. Headspace SPME extraction through gas chromatography was employed to assess the effects of spiked DBPs doses in fish blood. Cytotoxicity was monitored using Comet assay. Tail length, tail DNA, and olive tail moment values were quantified to be significant (P < 0.05) as compared to control. A statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease in all blood parameters (hematology) was observed. Changes in biochemical indices (glucose, total protein, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)) were also significant. ALT secretion was significantly increased (93 ± 0.05 and 82.8 ± 0.1 U/L) at higher concentration compared to control (56 ± 0.1 U/L), suggesting liver damage. Results demonstrated that iodoform was statistically more damaging as compared to chloroform.

中文翻译：

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评价消毒副产物对鲤鱼的遗传毒性和血液学影响。

消毒旨在改善饮用水质量和人类健康。尽管消毒剂可能会转化有机物并形成消毒副产物（DBP），但许多消毒剂被认为具有细胞毒性和遗传毒性。传统上，研究集中于DBP对人类健康的影响，但对水生生物的细胞遗传学影响仍然不确定。本研究检查了氯仿和碘仿（DBPs）对被选为典型生物的鲤鱼的潜在毒性作用。根据LD50值，将鱼标本暴露于各种浓度的DBP中，在那里监测急性毒性96小时。通过气相色谱法提取顶空SPME来评估鱼血中加标DBP剂量的影响。使用Comet测定法监测细胞毒性。尾巴长度，尾巴DNA，与对照相比，橄榄和橄榄尾矩值被量化为显着（P <0.05）。观察到所有血液参数（血液学）均有统计学意义（P <0.05）的降低。生化指标（葡萄糖，总蛋白和丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT））的变化也很显着。与对照组（56±0.1 U / L）相比，高浓度的ALT分泌显着增加（93±0.05和82.8±0.1 U / L）。结果表明，与氯仿相比，碘仿在统计学上更具破坏性。与对照组（56±0.1 U / L）相比，更高浓度的ALT分泌显着增加（93±0.05和82.8±0.1 U / L）。这表明肝脏受损。结果表明，与氯仿相比，碘仿在统计学上更具破坏性。与对照组相比（56±0.1 U / L），高浓度的ALT分泌显着增加（93±0.05和82.8±0.1 U / L），提示肝脏受损。结果表明，与氯仿相比，碘仿在统计学上更具破坏性。