While the hippocampus makes unique contributions to memory, it has also long been associated with sensorimotor processes, i.e. innate processes involving control of motor responses to sensory stimuli. Moreover, hippocampal dysfunction has been implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia and anxiety disorders, primarily characterized by non-mnemonic deficits in the processing of and responding to sensory information. This review is concerned with the hippocampal modulation of three sensorimotor processes in rats-locomotor activity, prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex, and the startle reflex itself-whose alterations are related to human psychosis or anxiety disorders. Its main purpose is to present and discuss the picture emerging from studies examining the effects of pharmacological manipulations of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus by local drug microinfusions. While a role of the hippocampus in regulating locomotor activity, PPI, and startle reactivity has also been suggested based on the effects of hippocampal lesions, the microinfusion studies have revealed additional important details of this role and suggest modifications of notions based on lesion studies. In summary, the microinfusion studies corroborate that hippocampal mechanisms can directly influence locomotor activity, PPI, and startle reactivity, and that aberrant hippocampal function may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases, in particular psychosis. The relation between different sensorimotor processes and hippocampal neurotransmission, the role of ventral and dorsal hippocampus, and the extrahippocampal mechanisms mediating the hippocampal modulation of different sensorimotor processes can partly be dissociated. Thus, the hippocampal modulation of these sensorimotor processes appears to reflect multiple operations, rather than one unitary operation.

中文翻译：

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海马调节感觉运动过程。

尽管海马体对记忆做出了独特的贡献，但它也长期以来与感觉运动过程相关，即涉及控制对感觉刺激的运动反应的先天过程。此外，海马功能障碍还涉及神经精神疾病，例如精神分裂症和焦虑症，其主要特征在于在处理和响应感官信息方面的非记忆缺陷。这项审查与海马在大鼠中的三个感觉运动过程的海马调节，运动活动，惊吓反射的前脉冲抑制（PPI），以及惊吓反射本身（其改变与人类精神病或焦虑症有关）有关。它的主要目的是介绍和讨论从研究局部药物微输注对背侧和腹侧海马进行药理作用的效果的研究中得出的图片。虽然也已经根据海马病变的影响提出了海马在调节运动活性，PPI和惊吓反应中的作用，但微输注研究已经揭示了这一作用的其他重要细节，并根据病灶研究提出了一些概念上的修改。总而言之，微输注研究证实了海马机制可以直接影响运动能力，PPI和惊吓反应，海马功能异常可能导致神经精神疾病，特别是精神病。不同感觉运动过程与海马神经传递之间的关系，腹侧和背侧海马的作用以及介导不同感觉运动过程的海马调节的海马外机制可以部分分离。因此，这些感觉运动过程的海马调节似乎反映了多种操作，而不是一种单一的操作。