Introduction: The understanding of novel antibiotic resistance mechanisms is essential to develop strategies against antibiotic-resistant pathogens, which has become an urgent task due to the worldwide emergence of antibiotic resistance.

Areas covered: In this review, the authors summarize the recent progress on antibiotic resistance caused by lab-evolved bacteria and clinical multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens from the proteomics perspective.

Expert opinion: Proteomics provides a new platform for a comprehensive understanding of change in protein pathways that are engaged in antibiotics resistance, which is different from a genetic view that focuses on the role of an individual gene or protein. Further work is required to understand why and how the involved pathways are integrated for surviving antibiotic-mediated killing, to use other OMICs for better comprehension of antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and to develop reprogramming proteomics, which reverts an ‘antibiotic resistance proteome’ to an ‘antibiotic sensitive or antibiotic sensitive-like’ proteome, for the control of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

简介：对新型抗生素抗性机制的理解对于制定针对抗生素抗性病原体的策略至关重要，由于全球范围内出现抗生素抗性，这已成为当务之急。

涵盖的领域：在这篇综述中，作者从蛋白质组学的角度总结了实验室进化的细菌和临床上具有多重耐药性的细菌病原体引起的抗生素耐药性的最新进展。

专家意见：蛋白质组学提供了一个新的平台，可全面了解参与抗生素抗性的蛋白质途径的变化，这不同于侧重于单个基因或蛋白质作用的遗传学观点。需要做进一步的工作来理解为什么和如何整合相关的途径来生存抗生素介导的杀伤，使用其他OMIC更好地理解抗生素抗性机制，并开发重编程蛋白质组学，从而将“抗生素抗性蛋白质组”还原为“抗生素敏感或类抗生素敏感的蛋白质组，用于控制耐药性病原体。