ABSTRACT

This article presents results of a systematic review of the literature (2000–2017) examining the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among retired elite athletes. Forty articles were selected and included. Our review suggests the prevalence of psychological distress among retired athletes is similar to that found in the general population. However, subgroups reporting medical comorbidities, significant pain, a greater number of concussions, less social support, and adverse psychosocial factors were at greater risk for psychological distress. Additionally, athletes experiencing psychological distress in retirement often do not seek treatment for their distress. Based on the existing literature, there is a need for greater standardization and use of reliable measures, as well as use of diagnostic interviews in order to assess the most accurate prevalence of psychological distress among these athletes. Longitudinal designs, matched control groups, more heterogeneous samples, and use of multivariate analyses would also help to more accurately determine the prevalence and risk factors of psychological distress in this population. This review suggests a number of different clinical implications and highlights directions for future research to enhance our understanding of the long-term psychological health of former elite athletes.

摘要

本文介绍了系统评估文献（2000-2017年）的结果，该文献研究了退休精英运动员中心理困扰的患病率及其相关性。选择并纳入了40篇文章。我们的评论表明，退休运动员的心理困扰患病率与普通人群相似。但是，报告有合并症，严重疼痛，脑震荡较多，社会支持较少和不利的社会心理因素的亚组遭受心理困扰的风险更大。另外，在退休中遭受心理困扰的运动员通常不寻求对其痛苦的治疗。根据现有文献，需要进一步标准化和使用可靠的措施，以及使用诊断性访谈来评估这些运动员中最准确的心理困扰患病率。纵向设计，匹配的对照组，更多的异质样本以及使用多变量分析也将有助于更准确地确定该人群的心理困扰的患病率和危险因素。这篇评论提出了许多不同的临床意义，并强调了未来研究的方向，以加深我们对前精英运动员长期心理健康的理解。多元分析的使用也将有助于更准确地确定该人群的心理困扰的患病率和危险因素。这篇评论提出了许多不同的临床意义，并强调了未来研究的方向，以加深我们对前精英运动员长期心理健康的理解。多元分析的使用也将有助于更准确地确定该人群的心理困扰的患病率和危险因素。这篇评论提出了许多不同的临床意义，并强调了未来研究的方向，以加深我们对前精英运动员长期心理健康的理解。