Recovery plans are key components of government-funded initiatives to halt biodiversity loss. Despite much discussion about the utility of remote sensing for effective conservation, the inclusion of these technologies in species recovery plans remains largely anecdotal. Here we developed a modelling approach for the integration of local, spatially-measured ecosystem functional dynamics into a species distribution modelling (SDM) framework in which other ecologically relevant factors are modelled separately at broad scales. We illustrate use of the approach by the incorporation of intra-seasonal water-vegetation dynamics into a cross-scale SDM for the Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago). The Common Snipe is an Iberian grassland wader that is highly-dependent on water and vegetation dynamics, and the recovery plan for this wader in Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula) provides an opportunity to apply our modelling approach. The intra-seasonal dynamics of water content of vegetation were measured using the standard deviation of Normalized Difference Water Index time series computed from bi-monthly images of the Sentinel-2 satellite. Our models, derived by the integration of downscaled climate projections with regional habitat-topographic suitability models, showed a very high predictive accuracy. Local water-vegetation dynamic models, based on Sentinel-2 imagery, also showed a good predictive ability. The predictive power increased (AUC of 0.92 and Boyce's index of 0.98) after local model predictions were restricted to areas identified by the continental and regional models as priority for conservation. Our models also showed high performance (AUC of 0.90 and Boyce's index of 0.93), when projected to updated water-vegetation conditions. This modelling framework (1) enables incorporation of key ecosystem processes closely related to water and carbon cycles, while accounting for other factors ecologically relevant to endangered grassland waders across different scales, (2) enables identification of priority areas for conservation, and (3) provides an excellent opportunity for cost-effective recovery planning by monitoring management effectiveness from space. Article impact statement: Incorporating remotely sensed ecosystem functioning variables, related to water and carbon cycles, informs recovery planning. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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在跨尺度分布模型中整合季节性草地动态以支持涉水鸟恢复计划

恢复计划是政府资助的阻止生物多样性丧失举措的关键组成部分。尽管对遥感在有效保护方面的效用进行了大量讨论，但将这些技术纳入物种恢复计划仍然主要是轶事。在这里，我们开发了一种建模方法，用于将本地、空间测量的生态系统功能动态整合到物种分布建模 (SDM) 框架中，在该框架中，其他生态相关因素在大尺度上单独建模。我们通过将季节性内水植被动态结合到 Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) 的跨尺度 SDM 来说明该方法的使用。普通鹬是一种高度依赖水和植被动态的伊比利亚草原涉禽，加利西亚（伊比利亚半岛西北部）涉水者的恢复计划为应用我们的建模方法提供了机会。使用从 Sentinel-2 卫星的双月图像计算的归一化差异水指数时间序列的标准偏差测量植被含水量的季节性内动态。我们的模型是通过将缩小规模的气候预测与区域栖息地-地形适宜性模型相结合而得出的，显示出非常高的预测准确性。基于 Sentinel-2 图像的局部水植被动态模型也显示出良好的预测能力。在局部模型预测仅限于大陆和区域模型确定为优先保护的区域后，预测能力增加（AUC 为 0.92，Boyce 指数为 0.98）。当预测到更新的水植被条件时，我们的模型还显示出高性能（AUC 为 0.90，Boyce 指数为 0.93）。该建模框架 (1) 能够纳入与水和碳循环密切相关的关键生态系统过程，同时考虑与不同规模的濒危草原涉水生态相关的其他因素，(2) 能够确定优先保护区域，以及 (3)通过从太空监控管理有效性，为具有成本效益的恢复计划提供了极好的机会。文章影响声明：纳入与水和碳循环相关的遥感生态系统功能变量，为恢复计划提供信息。本文受版权保护。版权所有。当预测到更新的水-植被条件时。该建模框架 (1) 能够纳入与水和碳循环密切相关的关键生态系统过程，同时考虑与不同规模的濒危草原涉水生态相关的其他因素，(2) 能够确定优先保护区域，以及 (3)通过从太空监控管理有效性，为具有成本效益的恢复计划提供了极好的机会。文章影响声明：纳入与水和碳循环相关的遥感生态系统功能变量，为恢复计划提供信息。本文受版权保护。版权所有。当预测到更新的水-植被条件时。该建模框架 (1) 能够纳入与水和碳循环密切相关的关键生态系统过程，同时考虑与不同规模的濒危草原涉水生态相关的其他因素，(2) 能够确定优先保护区域，以及 (3)通过从太空监控管理有效性，为具有成本效益的恢复计划提供了极好的机会。文章影响声明：纳入与水和碳循环相关的遥感生态系统功能变量，为恢复计划提供信息。本文受版权保护。版权所有。在考虑与不同规模的濒危草原涉水生态相关的其他因素的同时，(2) 能够确定优先保护区域，(3) 通过从空间监测管理有效性，为具有成本效益的恢复规划提供了极好的机会。文章影响声明：纳入与水和碳循环相关的遥感生态系统功能变量，为恢复计划提供信息。本文受版权保护。版权所有。在考虑与不同规模的濒危草原涉水生态相关的其他因素的同时，(2) 能够确定优先保护区域，(3) 通过从空间监测管理有效性，为具有成本效益的恢复规划提供了极好的机会。文章影响声明：纳入与水和碳循环相关的遥感生态系统功能变量，为恢复计划提供信息。本文受版权保护。版权所有。结合与水和碳循环相关的遥感生态系统功能变量，为恢复计划提供信息。本文受版权保护。版权所有。结合与水和碳循环相关的遥感生态系统功能变量，为恢复计划提供信息。本文受版权保护。版权所有。