Recurrent selection and intercrossing between best of the best parents in each generation of breeding cycle resulted in a narrower genetic diversity in elite wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm. Therefore, we investigated diverse source of 143 synthetic and bread wheat accessions for identifying potentially rich genetic resources for improving the genetic diversity in wheat. This study identified 47,526 genotyping-by-sequencing-derived SNP markers that were nearly evenly distributed across three genomes of wheat. The population structure analysis identified three distinct clusters (Japan synthetics, CIMMYT synthetics, and bread wheat) of wheat genotypes on the basis of type and geographical origin of wheat accessions. Population differentiation using analysis of molecular variance indicated 21% of the total genetic variance among subgroups and the remainder within subgroups. This study also identified that the Japan synthetic group was the most divergent group compared with other subgroups. The genetic diversity comparisons between synthetic and bread wheat lines showed that the gene diversity of synthetic wheat was 33% higher than bread wheat accessions, indicating the potential use of these lines for broadening the genetic diversity of modern wheat cultivars. The results from this study will be helpful in further understanding genomic features of wheat and facilitate their use in wheat breeding programs.

中文翻译：

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西伯利亚西部合成小麦和面包小麦的遗传多样性和种群结构分析。

在每个育种周期中，轮回选择和最好的亲本之间的交配导致优良小麦（Triticum aestivum）的遗传多样性变窄。L.）种质。因此，我们调查了143种合成小麦和面包小麦种质的多样性来源，以确定潜在的丰富遗传资源，以改善小麦的遗传多样性。这项研究通过测序确定了47,526个SNP标记基因分型，这些标记几乎均匀地分布在小麦的三个基因组中。人口结构分析根据小麦种质的类型和地理起源确定了三个不同的小麦基因型群（日本人工合成物，CIMMYT人工合成物和面包小麦）。使用分子方差分析进行的群体分化表明，亚组间总遗传方差的21％，亚组内其余基因的总差异为21％。这项研究还确定，与其他亚组相比，日本合成组是最分歧的组。合成小麦和面包小麦品系之间的遗传多样性比较表明，合成小麦的基因多样性比面包小麦品系高33％，表明这些品系可用于拓宽现代小麦品种的遗传多样性。这项研究的结果将有助于进一步了解小麦的基因组特征，并有助于将其用于小麦育种计划。