Contamination with enniatins A, A1, B and B1 was investigated in 1240 samples of small grain cereals (470 wheat, 260 durum wheat, 282 spring barley, 172 triticale and 56 winter barley) from the French harvests of 2012 to 2014. Associations with Fusarium avenaceum, F. tricinctum and F. poae were assessed, with the identification of Fusarium species by real-time PCR and mycotoxin quantification by LC–MS/MS. Enniatins were common in the fields sampled. Enniatin concentrations varied between years but were consistently highest on spring barley (mean values of 199 to 1316 μg/kg) and triticale (mean values from 131 to 1218 μg/kg), and lower on wheat (mean values from 47 to 142 μg/kg) and durum wheat (mean values from 55 to 596 μg/kg). The concentrations of the various enniatins were strongly correlated with each other (Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.61 to 0.98). Enniatin B was the most frequent (68% of the total enniatin content), followed by enniatin B1 (22%), enniatin A1 (7%) and enniatin A (3%). Fusarium species were quantified by calculating arithmetic mean total DNA levels. F. tricinctum was the most abundant (0.177 pg/ng total DNA), followed by F. avenaceum (0.141 pg/ng total DNA) and F. poae (0.091 pg/ng total DNA). Total DNA levels for each species, and the predominant species varied between years and crops. Small grain cereal species (p value < 0.001), harvest year (p value = < 0.001) and the presence of F. avenaceum (p value < 0.001), F. tricinctum (p value < 0.001) or F. poae (p value = 0.017) affected enniatin content. F. tricinctum was the leading enniatin producer on durum wheat (29% to 45%) and spring barley (23 to 37%). F. avenaceum produced large amounts of enniatins on durum wheat (13% to 17%) and wheat (1% to 18%) and was the leading producer on triticale (30% to 55%). F. poae made a minor contribution on all crops, never accounting for more than 2% of total enniatin content. Enniatins are, thus, highly prevalent in French small grain cereals and are mostly produced by F. avenaceum and F. tricinctum.

中文翻译：

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法国收获的小麦，硬质小麦，黑小麦和大麦中的镰刀菌属物种和烯属真菌毒素。

污染恩镰孢素A，A1，B和B1在从2012年法国收成小粒谷物1240个样品（470小麦，260硬粒小麦，282春大麦，黑小麦172和56冬大麦）进行了研究，以2014年协会与镰刀avenaceum，F. tricinctum和F. poae进行了评估，以鉴定尖镰通过实时PCR和LC-MS / MS对霉菌毒素进行定量。恩尼替丁在所采样的领域中很常见。恩尼汀的浓度随年份变化，但在春季大麦（平均值为199至1316μg/ kg）和黑小麦（始终从131至1218μg/ kg）中始终最高，而在小麦（平均值从47至142μg/ kg）中较低。千克）和硬粒小麦（均值介于55至596微克/千克之间）。各种enenatins的浓度相互之间密切相关（Pearson相关系数为0.61至0.98）。Enniatin B是最常见的（占总Enenatin含量的68％），其次是Enenatin B1（占22％），enniatin A1（占7％）和Enenatin A（占3％）。通过计算算术平均总DNA水平对镰刀菌物种进行定量。三角毛是最丰富的（0.177微克/ NG总DNA），其次是F. avenaceum（0.141微克/ NG总DNA）和F. poae（0.091微克/ NG总DNA）。每个物种以及主要物种的总DNA水平在年份和作物之间有所不同。小谷粒谷物物种（p值<0.001），收获年（p值= <0.001）和存在F. avenaceum（p值<0.001），F. tricinctum（p值<0.001）或F. poae（p值= 0.017）受影响的肾上腺素含量。F. tricinctum是硬质小麦（29％至45％）和春季大麦（23％至37％）的主要烯醇丁酸生产商。美洲锥。在硬质小麦（13％至17％）和小麦（1％至18％）上生产大量的烯胺苷，是黑小麦的主要生产者（30％至55％）。F. poae对所有农作物的贡献都很小，从未占到整个enenatin含量的2％以上。因此，Enniatins在法国小谷类谷物中非常普遍，并且主要由燕麦豆（F. avenaceum）和曲霉（F. tricinctum）生产。