As a commonly used pyrethroid insecticide, deltamethrin is very toxic to honeybees, which seriously threatens the managed and feral honeybee population. Because deltamethrin is a nerve agent, it may interfere with the nervous system of honeybees, such as dance behavior and memory-related characteristics. We found that the waggle dances were less precise in honeybees that consumed syrup containing deltamethrin (pesticide group) than those that consumed normal sucrose syrup (control group). Compared with the control group, honeybees of the pesticide group significantly increased number of circuits per 15 s, the divergence angle, return phases in waggle dances, as well as the crop content of the dance followers. Furthermore, six learning and memory-related genes were significantly interfered with the gene expression levels. Our data suggest that the sublethal dose of deltamethrin impaired the honeybees' learning and memory and resulted in cognitive disorder. The novel results assist in establishing guidelines for the risk assessment of pesticide to honeybee safety and prevention of nontarget biological agriculture pesticide poisoning.

中文翻译：

---

溴氰菊酯会损害蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）的跳舞交流能力。

作为一种常用的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂，溴氰菊酯对蜜蜂有极强的毒性，严重威胁着管理和野生蜜蜂的种群。由于溴氰菊酯是一种神经毒剂，它可能会干扰蜜蜂的神经系统，例如舞蹈行为和与记忆有关的特征。我们发现，在食用含溴氰菊酯糖浆（农药组）的蜜蜂中，摇摆舞的精确度低于食用普通蔗糖糖浆的蜜蜂（对照组）。与对照组相比，杀虫剂组的蜜蜂每15 s循环次数，发散角，摇摆舞的返回阶段以及跟随舞者的农作物含量显着增加。此外，六个学习和记忆相关基因显着干扰基因表达水平。我们的数据表明，亚致死剂量的溴氰菊酯会损害蜜蜂的学习和记忆能力，并导致认知障碍。这些新结果有助于建立农药对蜜蜂安全性风险评估和预防非目标生物农业农药中毒的指南。