Brushite cements are known for excellent osteoconductive and degradation properties, however, its widespread use is limited due to rapid setting time and poor mechanical properties. The eggshell derived calcium phosphates exhibits improved physical and biological properties due to the presence of biologically relevant ions. In this study, eggshell derived brushite cement (EB) was fabricated using β-tricalcium phosphate synthesized from eggshells. The presence of trace elements in EB prolonged its setting time. The size of brushite crystals in EB was found to be smaller than the pure brushite cement (PB) leading to increased initial compressive strength and higher in vitro degradation rate. The L6 and MG63 cell lines exhibited good biocompatibility with the cement at the end 72 h. In vivo studies of the cements were performed in rat calvarial defect model. Micro CT analysis showed faster degradation and accelerated bone formation in EB filled defect. Histological studies revealed infiltration of inflammatory cells into the implant site for both the cements till 6th week. However, inflammation was found to be significantly reduced at the 12th week in EB compared to PB leading to complete bone bridge formation. Multi-ion substituted EB seems to be a potential bone substitute material with a reasonable setting time for ease of handling, higher mechanical strength, minimal inflammatory response and higher bone regeneration.

中文翻译：

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蛋壳衍生的透钙磷石骨水泥具有最小的炎症反应和更高的骨传导潜能。

透钙磷石水泥以优异的骨传导性和降解性而著称，但是，由于快速凝固时间和较差的机械性能，其广泛使用受到限制。蛋壳衍生的磷酸钙由于存在生物相关离子而具有改善的物理和生物学特性。在这项研究中，使用由蛋壳合成的β-磷酸三钙制造了蛋壳来源的透钙磷石水泥（EB）。EB中微量元素的存在延长了其凝固时间。发现EB中透钙磷石晶体的尺寸小于纯透钙磷石水泥（PB），从而增加了初始抗压强度并提高了体外降解率。L6和MG63细胞系在72 h结束时与水泥具有良好的生物相容性。在大鼠颅骨缺损模型中进行了水泥的体内研究。Micro CT分析显示，EB填充缺损的降解更快，骨形成加快。组织学研究显示，直到第6周，两种水泥的炎症细胞均渗入植入部位。但是，与PB相比，发现EB的炎症在第12周时显着减少，导致完整的骨桥形成。多离子取代的EB似乎是一种潜在的骨替代材料，具有合理的凝固时间，易于处理，更高的机械强度，最小的炎症反应和更高的骨骼再生能力。组织学研究显示，直到第6周，两种水泥的炎症细胞均渗入植入部位。但是，与PB相比，发现EB的炎症在第12周时显着减少，导致完整的骨桥形成。多离子取代的EB似乎是一种潜在的骨替代材料，具有合理的凝固时间，易于处理，更高的机械强度，最小的炎症反应和更高的骨骼再生能力。组织学研究显示，直到第6周，两种水泥的炎症细胞均渗入植入部位。但是，与PB相比，发现EB的炎症在第12周时显着减少，导致完整的骨桥形成。多离子取代的EB似乎是一种潜在的骨替代材料，具有合理的凝固时间，易于处理，更高的机械强度，最小的炎症反应和更高的骨骼再生能力。