Abstract Introduction The value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), and liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) was assessed in early diagnosis of gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs. Material and Methods Subcutaneous gentamicin injection in 16 healthy adult beagles made the AKI model. Blood was sampled every 6 h to detect NGAL, Kim-1, L-FABP, and serum creatinine (SCr) concentrations. Kidney tissue of two dogs was taken before the injection, as soon as SCr was elevated (78 μmol/L), and when it had risen to 1.5 times the baseline, and haematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe changes. Results NGAL, Kim-1, and SCr levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) at 18, 30, and 78 h post injection, but L-FABP concentration was not associated with renal injury. At the earliest SCr elevation stage, findings were mild oedema, degeneration, and vacuolisation in renal tubular epithelial cells in pathology, and mild cytoplasmic and mitochondrial oedema in TEM. At this time point, NGAL and Kim-1 concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05), indicating that these two molecules biomark early kidney injury in dogs. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, their warning levels were > 25.31 ng/mL and > 48.52 pg/mL. Conclusion Plasma NGAL and Kim-1 above warning levels are early indicators of gentamicin-induced AKI in dogs.

中文翻译：

---

犬庆大霉素致急性肾损伤早期诊断标志物的筛选

摘要 前言 评价中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白（NGAL）、肾损伤分子-1（Kim-1）和肝型脂肪酸结合蛋白（L-FABP）在庆大霉素致急性肾损伤早期诊断中的价值。 （AKI）在狗。材料与方法 16只健康成年比格犬皮下注射庆大霉素制作AKI模型。每 6 小时采集一次血液以检测 NGAL、Kim-1、L-FABP 和血清肌酐 (SCr) 浓度。注射前取两只狗的肾脏组织，当 SCr 升高（78 μmol/L），上升到基线的 1.5 倍时，用苏木精-伊红染色和透射电子显微镜（TEM）检查观察变化。结果 NGAL、Kim-1 和 SCr 水平在注射后 18、30 和 78 小时显着增加（P < 0.05），但L-FABP浓度与肾损伤无关。在最早的 SCr 升高阶段，病理表现为肾小管上皮细胞轻度水肿、变性和空泡形成，TEM 表现为轻度细胞质和线粒体水肿。在这个时间点，NGAL和Kim-1的浓度显着增加（P < 0.05），表明这两种分子在狗的早期肾损伤中具有生物标志物。使用受试者工作特征曲线分析，他们的警告水平分别为 > 25.31 ng/mL 和 > 48.52 pg/mL。结论血浆NGAL和Kim-1高于警戒水平是庆大霉素致犬AKI的早期指标。TEM 中轻度细胞质和线粒体水肿。在这个时间点，NGAL和Kim-1的浓度显着增加（P < 0.05），表明这两种分子在狗的早期肾损伤中具有生物标志物。使用受试者工作特征曲线分析，他们的警告水平分别为 > 25.31 ng/mL 和 > 48.52 pg/mL。结论血浆NGAL和Kim-1高于警戒水平是庆大霉素致犬AKI的早期指标。TEM 中轻度细胞质和线粒体水肿。在这个时间点，NGAL和Kim-1的浓度显着增加（P < 0.05），表明这两种分子在狗的早期肾损伤中具有生物标志物。使用受试者工作特征曲线分析，他们的警告水平分别为 > 25.31 ng/mL 和 > 48.52 pg/mL。结论血浆NGAL和Kim-1高于警戒水平是庆大霉素致犬AKI的早期指标。