Ventriloquism, the illusion that a voice appears to come from the moving mouth of a puppet rather than from the actual speaker, is one of the classic examples of multisensory processing. In the laboratory, this illusion can be reliably induced by presenting simple meaningless audiovisual stimuli with a spatial discrepancy between the auditory and visual components. Typically, the perceived location of the sound source is biased toward the location of the visual stimulus (the ventriloquism effect). The strength of the visual bias reflects the relative reliability of the visual and auditory inputs as well as prior expectations that the two stimuli originated from the same source. In addition to the ventriloquist illusion, exposure to spatially discrepant audiovisual stimuli results in a subsequent recalibration of unisensory auditory localization (the ventriloquism aftereffect). In the past years, the ventriloquism effect and aftereffect have seen a resurgence as an experimental tool to elucidate basic mechanisms of multisensory integration and learning. For example, recent studies have: (a) revealed top-down influences from the reward and motor systems on cross-modal binding; (b) dissociated recalibration processes operating at different time scales; and (c) identified brain networks involved in the neuronal computations underlying multisensory integration and learning. This mini review article provides a brief overview of established experimental paradigms to measure the ventriloquism effect and aftereffect before summarizing these pathbreaking new advancements. Finally, it is pointed out how the ventriloquism effect and aftereffect could be utilized to address some of the current open questions in the field of multisensory research.

中文翻译：

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Ventriloquist幻觉作为研究多感觉处理的工具：更新。

Ventriloquism是一种声音，似乎是从木偶的移动嘴而不是实际说话者发出的幻觉，是多感觉处理的经典示例之一。在实验室中，通过呈现简单的无意义的视听刺激以及听觉和视觉成分之间的空间差异，可以可靠地诱发这种幻觉。通常，声源的感知位置偏向视觉刺激的位置（腹语效应）。视觉偏见的强度反映了视觉和听觉输入的相对可靠性以及先前对这两种刺激源自同一来源的期望。除了口技幻想，暴露于空间差异的视听刺激会导致随后重新校准单感觉听觉定位（腹膜后效）。在过去的几年中，腹腔语言效应和后效应作为一种阐明多感官整合和学习的基本机制的实验工具而重新流行。例如，最近的研究有：（a）揭示了奖励和运动系统对交叉模式约束的自上而下的影响；（b）在不同时间范围内进行的分离式重新校准过程；（c）确定参与多感觉整合和学习的神经元计算的大脑网络。这篇简短的综述文章简要概述了建立的实验范式，以在总结这些突破性的新进展之前测量腹语作用和后效应。