In mapping the human structural connectome, we are in a very fortunate situation: one can compute and compare graphs, describing the cerebral connections between the very same, anatomically identified small regions of the gray matter among hundreds of human subjects. The comparison of these graphs has led to numerous recent results, as the (1) discovery that women’s connectomes have deeper and richer connectivity-related graph parameters like those of men, or (2) the description of more and less conservatively connected lobes and cerebral regions, and (3) the discovery of the phenomenon of the consensus connectome dynamics. Today one of the greatest challenges of brain science is the description and modeling of the circuitry of the human brain. For this goal, we need to identify sub-circuits that are present in almost all human subjects and those, which are much less frequent: the former sub-circuits most probably have functions with general importance, the latter sub-circuits are probably related to the individual variability of the brain structure and function. The present contribution describes the frequent connected subgraphs of at most six edges in the human brain. We analyze these frequent graphs and also examine sex differences in these graphs: we demonstrate numerous connected subgraphs that are more frequent in female or male connectomes. While there is no difference in the number of k edge connected subgraphs in males or females for \({\text{k}} = 1\), and for \({\text{k}} = 2\) males have slightly more frequent subgraphs, for \({\text{k}} = 6\) there is a very strong advantage in the case of female braingraphs. Our data source is the public release of the Human Connectome Project, and we are applying the data of 426 human subjects in this study.

中文翻译：

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人脑连接组的常见子图。

在绘制人体结构连接组图时，我们处于一种非常幸运的境地：我们可以计算和比较图表，描述数百名人类受试者中完全相同的、解剖学上识别的灰质小区域之间的大脑连接。这些图表的比较导致了许多最新结果，如（1）发现女性的连接组与男性一样具有更深和更丰富的连接相关图表参数，或（2）描述了更多和更少保守连接的脑叶和大脑区域，以及（3）共识连接组动力学现象的发现。如今，脑科学面临的最大挑战之一是人脑电路的描述和建模。为了这个目标，我们需要识别几乎所有人类受试者中都存在的子电路和那些不太常见的子电路：前一个子电路很可能具有一般重要性的功能，后一个子电路可能与大脑结构和功能的个体差异。目前的贡献描述了人脑中最多六个边缘的频繁连接子图。我们分析这些频繁出现的图表，并检查这些图表中的性别差异：我们展示了许多在女性或男性连接体中更常见的连通子图。虽然对于\({\text{k}} = 1\)而言，男性或女性的 k 个边连接子图的数量没有差异，而对于\({\text{k}} = 2\)而言，男性略有差异更频繁的子图，对于\({\text{k}} = 6\)在女性脑图的情况下有非常强的优势。我们的数据来源是人类连接组计划的公开发布，我们在本研究中应用了 426 名人类受试者的数据。