Among environmental endocrine-active chemicals, phthalates, commonly known as plasticizers, disrupt the development of the male reproductive tract. In this study, the effects of phthalates (DIBP, BBP, DINP, DBP, DEP, DEHP and DMP) were evaluated on cultures of bovine primary male reproductive cells (n = 3) and spermatozoa (n = 4). Epididymal (caput and corpus epididymis), testicular (parenchymal and mediastinal/tubular) and vas deferens cells (VDC) were prepared from samples collected from slaughterhouse. Second part of caput epididymis which have fewer amount of principal cells, were found to be less affected compared to the first part except DEHP; while corpus epididymis was found to be more affected with IC50 values below 0.976 ng/mL (except for DEP at 4.97 ng/mL). In testicular parenchymal cells, IC50 ranged from 0.15 to 4.11 ng/mL and for mediastinum from 0.01 to 7.31 ng/mL; where cytotoxic effects were more evident in mediastinal section. Least cytotoxic and even proliferational effects (DEHP, DMP and DEP) were observed in VDC, the muscular tube carrying sperm from epididymis to the ejaculatory duct. Least spermiotoxic phthalate was DBP (3.928 ng/mL); while DINP (0.550 ng/mL) induced highest cytotoxic effect on bovine spermatozoa. Differences in the cellular structure and/or the androgen receptor distribution effect the toxicity of phthalates. Our preliminary findings on bovine spermatozoa indicate possible morphological and motility alterations; which challenges further investigation of the transition of phthalates on semen straws used in cryopreservation. Increase of exposure to environmental contaminants raise the issue of the requirement of a new perspective on reproductive health, species and tissue specific differences should further be emphasized.

中文翻译：

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邻苯二甲酸盐对牛睾丸原代培养和精子的影响。

在环境内分泌活性化学物质中，邻苯二甲酸盐（通常称为增塑剂）会破坏男性生殖道的发育。在这项研究中，邻苯二甲酸盐（DIBP，BBP，DINP，DBP，DEP，DEHP和DMP）对牛原代雄性生殖细胞（n = 3）和精子（n = 4）的培养作用进行了评估。从屠宰场收集的样本中制备附睾（附睾和附睾），睾丸（实质和纵隔/肾小管）和输精管（VDC）。除了DEHP，与第一部分相比，第二部分的附睾附睾细胞的主要细胞数量较少。而附睾语料库的IC50值低于0.976 ng / mL（DEP为4.97 ng / mL除外）受影响更大。在睾丸实质细胞中，IC50为0.15至4。11 ng / mL，纵隔为0.01至7.31 ng / mL；在纵隔切片中细胞毒性作用更为明显。在VDC中观察到最小的细胞毒性甚至增殖作用（DEHP，DMP和DEP），VDC是一种将精子从附睾输送到射精管的肌肉管。最小的精子毒性邻苯二甲酸盐为DBP（3.928 ng / mL）；而DINP（0.550 ng / mL）对牛精子具有最高的细胞毒性作用。细胞结构和/或雄激素受体分布的差异影响邻苯二甲酸酯的毒性。我们对牛精子的初步发现表明可能存在形态和运动改变。这挑战了进一步研究冷冻保存所用精液秸秆中邻苯二甲酸盐的过渡。