Neuroendocrine neoplasias (NENs) are known to express somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) 1-5, which are G-protein-coupled cell membrane receptors. Somatostatin receptor imaging and therapy utilizes the SSTR expression. Synthetic somatostatin analogs with radioligands are used to detect primary tumors, metastases, and recurrent disease. Receptor analogs are also used for treating NENs. Furthermore, commercially available SSTR antibodies can be used for the immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of SSTRs. We investigated different SSTR antibody clones applying diverse IHC protocol settings to identify reliable clones and feasible protocols for NENs. A tissue microarray including NENs from 12 different primary sites were stained. Only UMB clones were able to localize SSTR on the cell membranes of NENs. SSTR2 (UMB1) emerged as the most common subtype followed by SSTR5 (UMB4) and SSTR1 (UMB7). SSTR3 (UMB5) expression was mainly cytoplasmic. Yet, SSTR4 expression was weak and located primarily in the cytoplasm. Thus, appropriate IHC protocols, including proper positive and negative controls, represent requirements for high-quality NEN diagnostics and for planning personalized therapy.

中文翻译：

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生长抑素受体亚型在一组神经内分泌肿瘤中的免疫组织化学表达。

已知神经内分泌肿瘤（NEN）表达生长抑素受体（SSTR）1-5，它们是G蛋白偶联的细胞膜受体。生长抑素受体成像和治疗利用SSTR表达。具有放射配体的合成生长抑素类似物用于检测原发性肿瘤，转移灶和复发性疾病。受体类似物也用于治疗NEN。此外，可商购的SSTR抗体可用于SSTR的免疫组织化学（IHC）检测。我们调查了不同的ISTR协议设置应用不同的SSTR抗体克隆，以确定可靠的克隆和NENs的可行协议。对包含来自12个不同原发部位的NEN的组织微阵列进行了染色。仅UMB克隆能够将SSTR定位在NEN的细胞膜上。SSTR2（UMB1）成为最常见的亚型，其次是SSTR5（UMB4）和SSTR1（UMB7）。SSTR3（UMB5）表达主要是细胞质。然而，SSTR4表达较弱并且主要位于细胞质中。因此，适当的IHC方案（包括适当的阳性和阴性对照）代表了高质量NEN诊断和规划个性化治疗的要求。