Skeletal muscle has a high regenerative capacity, injuries trigger a regenerative program which restores tissue function to a level indistinguishable to the pre‐injury state. However, in some cases where significant trauma occurs, such as injuries seen in military populations, the regenerative process is overwhelmed and cannot restore full function. Limited clinical interventions exist which can be used to promote regeneration and prevent the formation of non‐regenerative defects following severe skeletal muscle trauma. Robust and reproducible techniques for modelling complex tissue responses are essential to promote the discovery of effective clinical interventions. Tissue engineering has been highlighted as an alternative method, allowing the generation of three‐dimensional in vivo like tissues without laboratory animals. Reducing the requirement for animal models promotes rapid screening of potential clinical interventions, as these models are more easily manipulated, genetically and pharmacologically, and reduce the associated cost and complexity, whilst increasing access to models for laboratories without animal facilities. In this study, an in vitro chemical injury using barium chloride is validated using the C2C12 myoblast cell line, and is shown to selectively remove multinucleated myotubes, whilst retaining a regenerative mononuclear cell population. Monolayer cultures showed limited regenerative capacity, with basement membrane supplementation or extended regenerative time incapable of improving the regenerative response. Conversely tissue engineered skeletal muscles, supplemented with basement membrane proteins, showed full functional regeneration, and a broader in vivo like inflammatory response. This work outlines a freely available and open access methodology to produce a cell line‐based tissue engineered model of skeletal muscle regeneration.

中文翻译：

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组织工程化的骨骼肌在体外的功能再生取决于基底膜蛋白的包含。

骨骼肌具有较高的再生能力，受伤会触发再生程序，从而将组织功能恢复到与损伤前状态无法区分的水平。但是，在某些发生严重创伤的情况下，例如在军人中受伤，再生过程不堪重负，无法恢复全部功能。存在有限的临床干预措施，可用于促进严重骨骼肌创伤后促进再生并防止非再生性缺陷的形成。建模复杂组织反应的健壮且可复制的技术对于促进发现有效的临床干预措施至关重要。组织工程学已被视为一种替代方法，可以在体内生成三维空间像没有实验动物的组织。减少对动物模型的需求可促进对潜在临床干预措施的快速筛选，因为这些模型在遗传和药理学上更易于操作，并降低了相关成本和复杂性，同时增加了不使用动物设施的实验室模型的使用机会。在这项研究中，在体外使用C2C12成肌细胞系验证了使用氯化钡造成的化学损伤，并显示出可以选择性去除多核肌管，同时保留了再生的单核细胞群。单层培养物显示出有限的再生能力，补充基膜或延长的再生时间不能改善再生反应。相反，组织工程化的骨骼肌，补充了基底膜蛋白，则显示出完整的功能再生，并且在体内具有更广泛的炎症反应。这项工作概述了可免费获得和开放获取的方法，以产生基于细胞系的骨骼肌再生的组织工程模型。