The human lung contains a heterogeneous population of immune cells which mediate protective responses, maintain tissue homeostasis, but can also promote immunopathology in disease. The majority of T cells in the human lung are tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) which have been shown in mouse models to provide vital roles in the protection against multiple respiratory pathogens, and contribute to heterosubtypic protection in the context of vaccination. In this review, we will discuss recent studies in humans identifying lung TRM, their role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, and emerging evidence implicating TRM in anti-tumor immunity and immune surveillance as well as their potential for immunopathology in chronic airway inflammation.

中文翻译：

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人肺组织在健康和疾病中驻留记忆性T细胞。

人肺含有异质性免疫细胞群，它们介导保护性反应，维持组织稳态，但也可以促进疾病的免疫病理学。人肺中的大多数T细胞是组织驻留记忆T细胞（TRM），已在小鼠模型中显示其在抵抗多种呼吸道病原体的保护中起着至关重要的作用，并在接种疫苗的过程中为异型保护做出了贡献。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论有关人类识别肺TRM，其在维持组织稳态中的作用的最新研究，以及涉及TRM参与抗肿瘤免疫和免疫监测以及其在慢性气道炎症中的免疫病理学潜力的新兴证据。