Background: The driving factors for the commercial adulteration of coffee are reviewed. Objective: Methods have been assessed for the identification of the most common materials used to adulterate coffee by dilution, to establish the geographic origins, the genotypes of beans, and to assess the authenticity of Kopi Luwak coffee. Method: The literature was surveyed manually and electronically from 1820 to 2018. Results: A flow diagram has been developed to summarize the best approaches to deal with the authentication of coffee. Conclusions: Encouragement is given to the interlaboratory validation of spectroscopic approaches, the exploration of civet cat deoxyribonucleic acid for the identification of Kopi Luwak, and the development of appropriately large and well-curated datasets of authenticity information across multiple techniques. Highlights: The current analytical difficulties in the authentication of coffee are highlighted and suggestions made to improve the situation.

中文翻译：

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对咖啡真实性的分析和生物分析验证的评论。

背景：审查了商业掺假咖啡的驱动因素。目的：已经评估了通过稀释来鉴定用于掺假咖啡的最常见材料的方法，以建立地理起源，咖啡豆的基因型并评估Kopi Luwak咖啡的真实性。方法：从1820年到2018年，通过手工和电子方式对文献进行了调查。结果：已开发出流程图，总结了处理咖啡认证的最佳方法。结论：鼓励进行光谱方法的实验室间验证，探索灵猫猫脱氧核糖核酸以鉴定Kopi Luwak以及开发跨多种技术的适当大型且精心策划的真实性信息数据集。重点：重点介绍了当前咖啡鉴定中的分析困难，并提出了改善情况的建议。