OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the reciprocal and temporal relations between ADHD symptoms and emotional problems in school-age children. METHOD This 1-year longitudinal study with a four-wave design included 1,253 children and adolescents (254 third graders, 281 fifth graders, and 718 eighth graders; 50.9% boys). ADHD symptoms and emotional problems were measured using parent report of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV Scale and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS Cross-lagged panel analyses indicated that both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms were associated with emotional problems over the 1-year period. However, only inattention symptoms demonstrated a transactional relationship with emotional problems, such that inattention predicted future emotional problems, which in turn led to increases in inattention symptoms. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the transactional and dynamic interplay between inattention symptoms and emotional problems and support the mechanistic role of inattention symptoms in the development and persistence of emotional problems in school-age children.

中文翻译：

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学龄儿童 ADHD 症状与情绪问题之间的时间关系和相互关系。

目的 该研究旨在调查学龄儿童 ADHD 症状与情绪问题之间的相互关系和时间关系。方法 这项为期 1 年的纵向研究采用四波设计，纳入了 1,253 名儿童和青少年（254 名三年级学生、281 名五年级学生和 718 名八年级学生；男孩占 50.9%）。ADHD 症状和情绪问题使用 Swanson、Nolan 和 Pelham 第四版量表以及优势和困难问卷的家长报告进行测量。结果交叉滞后面板分析表明，注意力不集中和多动/冲动症状都与一年内的情绪问题相关。然而，只有注意力不集中症状才表现出与情绪问题的交互关系，这样注意力不集中就预示着未来的情绪问题，进而导致注意力不集中症状的增加。结论我们的研究结果强调了注意力不集中症状和情绪问题之间的交互和动态相互作用，并支持注意力不集中症状在学龄儿童情绪问题的发展和持续中的机制作用。