A mammalian receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), plays a beneficial role in controlling bacterial infections, but is also a main driver of aberrant inflammation in lethal sepsis. As a result, investigation of TLR4 signaling has been a major area of research. Despite this focus, our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate TLR4 activities remains primitive. Nowhere is our knowledge of TLR4 biology more lacking than at the receptor-proximal level, where many factors act in concert to regulate LPS signaling. Several recent studies have begun filling these gaps in our knowledge. In this review, we discuss the importance of these receptor proximal activities in the spatiotemporal regulation of TLR4 signaling, and suggest interesting areas for future research.

中文翻译：

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对细菌脂多糖的早期先天免疫反应。


Toll 样受体 4 (TLR4) 是细菌脂多糖 (LPS) 的哺乳动物受体，在控制细菌感染方面发挥着有益作用，但也是致死性败血症中异常炎症的主要驱动因素。因此，TLR4 信号传导的研究已成为一个主要研究领域。尽管有这样的关注，我们对调节 TLR4 活性的机制的理解仍然很原始。我们对 TLR4 生物学的了解最缺乏的是近受体水平，在这一水平上，许多因素协同作用来调节 LPS 信号传导。最近的几项研究已经开始填补我们知识中的这些空白。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这些受体近端活性在 TLR4 信号传导时空调节中的重要性，并提出了未来研究的有趣领域。