Traditionally, biomarkers of aging are classified as either pro‐longevity or antilongevity. Using longitudinal data sets from the large‐scale inbred mouse strain study at the Jackson Laboratory Nathan Shock Center, we describe a protocol to identify two kinds of biomarkers: those with prognostic implication for lifespan and those with longitudinal evidence. Our protocol also identifies biomarkers for which, at first sight, there is conflicting evidence. Conflict resolution is possible by postulating a role switch. In these cases, high biomarker values are, for example, antilongevity in early life and pro‐longevity in later life. Role‐switching biomarkers correspond to features that must, for example, be minimized early, but maximized later, for optimal longevity. The clear‐cut pro‐longevity biomarkers we found reflect anti‐inflammatory, anti‐immunosenescent or anti‐anaemic mechanisms, whereas clear‐cut antilongevity biomarkers reflect inflammatory mechanisms. Many highly significant blood biomarkers relate to immune system features, indicating a shift from adaptive to innate processes, whereas most role‐switching biomarkers relate to blood serum features and whole‐body phenotypes. Our biomarker classification approach is applicable to any combination of longitudinal studies with life expectancy data, and it provides insights beyond a simplified scheme of biomarkers for long or short lifespan.

中文翻译：

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近交小鼠品系揭示了促进长寿、抗长寿或角色转换的生物标志物。

传统上，衰老的生物标志物分为促长寿或抗长寿。使用来自杰克逊实验室 Nathan Shock 中心大规模近交小鼠品系研究的纵向数据集，我们描述了一种用于识别两种生物标志物的方案：对寿命具有预后意义的生物标志物和具有纵向证据的生物标志物。我们的协议还确定了生物标志物，乍一看，这些生物标志物存在相互矛盾的证据。通过假设角色转换可以解决冲突。在这些情况下，高生物标志物值是，例如，早年不长寿和晚年长寿。例如，角色转换生物标志物对应的特征必须在早期最小化，但在后期最大化，以获得最佳寿命。我们发现的明确的长寿生物标志物反映了抗炎、抗免疫衰老或抗贫血机制，而明确的抗长寿生物标志物反映炎症机制。许多非常重要的血液生物标志物与免疫系统特征相关，表明从适应性过程到先天过程的转变，而大多数角色转换生物标志物与血清特征和全身表型相关。我们的生物标志物分类方法适用于纵向研究与预期寿命数据的任何组合，它提供的见解超出了针对长寿命或短寿命的简化生物标志物方案。而大多数角色转换生物标志物与血清特征和全身表型有关。我们的生物标志物分类方法适用于纵向研究与预期寿命数据的任何组合，它提供的见解超出了针对长寿命或短寿命的简化生物标志物方案。而大多数角色转换生物标志物与血清特征和全身表型有关。我们的生物标志物分类方法适用于纵向研究与预期寿命数据的任何组合，它提供了超出简化的长寿命或短寿命生物标志物方案的见解。