Natural killer (NK) cells discriminate between healthy and unhealthy target cells through a balance of activating and inhibitory signals at direct intercellular contacts called immune synapses. Rearrangements in the cellular cytoskeleton have long been known to be critical in assembly of immune synapses. Here, through bringing together the vast literature on this subject, the number of different ways in which the cytoskeleton is important becomes evident. The dynamics of filamentous actin are critical in (i) creating the nanometer-scale organization of NK cell receptors, (ii) establishing cellular polarity, (iii) coordinating immune receptor and integrin-mediated signaling, and (iv) directing secretion of lytic granules and cytokines. The microtubule network also is important in the delivery of lytic granules and vesicles containing cytokines to the immune synapse. Together, these data establish that the cytoskeleton acts as a central regulator of this complex and dynamic process - and an enormous amount of NK cell biology is controlled through the cytoskeleton.

中文翻译：

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细胞骨架在 NK 细胞免疫突触的机制和功能中的核心作用。

自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞通过称为免疫突触的直接细胞间接触处的激活和抑制信号的平衡来区分健康和不健康的靶细胞。长期以来，人们都知道细胞骨架中的重排对于免疫突触的组装至关重要。在这里，通过汇集关于这个主题的大量文献，细胞骨架重要的不同方式的数量变得显而易见。丝状肌动蛋白的动力学对于 (i) 创建 NK 细胞受体的纳米级组织，(ii) 建立细胞极性，(iii) 协调免疫受体和整合素介导的信号传导，以及 (iv) 指导裂解颗粒的分泌至关重要和细胞因子。微管网络在将含有细胞因子的溶解颗粒和囊泡输送到免疫突触中也很重要。总之，这些数据表明，细胞骨架是这一复杂和动态过程的中心调节器——大量的 NK 细胞生物学是通过细胞骨架控制的。