In the long-distance migration of reindeer in winter, furs of reindeer foot, as the part in direct contacting with the external environment, can play the role of protection and heat preservation. With furs on different parts of the right posterior foot (fibular side, tibial side and planta pedis) as research objects, the microstructure of reindeer foot furs was observed with a scanning electron microscope. The image displayed that the reindeer foot furs was divided into 3 layers, namely cuticular layer, cortical layer and medulla layer. It was observed from the fur surface that the scales of fur on tibial side had smooth edge, with the scale structure in mosaic and coronary types. The scale structure of furs on the other parts showed the irregular waves due to abrasion to different degrees. From the cross-section view of fur, there was a non-medullated segment on the medial part of fur on planta pedis. The medulla layer of fibular and tibial sides showed a porous foam structure. The medulla index (MI) of fur on fibular side and tibial side at distal part was 70.35% and 81.79%, respectively, and MI at medial part was 77.88% and 88.08%. The composition of reindeer foot fur was measured through infrared spectroscopy and energy spectrum analysis respectively. The element contents of foot fur varied on different parts. The content of sulfur of the furs on planta pedis was higher than that on other parts. The research results can provide foundations for the functional study and bionic design of reindeer foot furs during long distance migration and swimming.

中文翻译：

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驯鹿（Rangifer Tarandus）脚不同部位的皮毛的结构，形态和组成。

在冬季驯鹿的长途迁徙中，驯鹿脚的皮毛作为与外界直接接触的部分，可以起到保护和保温的作用。以右后足不同部位（腓骨侧，胫骨侧和足底足）的皮毛为研究对象，用扫描电子显微镜观察驯鹿脚皮毛的显微结构。图像显示，驯鹿脚的皮毛分为三层，即表皮层，皮质层和延髓层。从皮毛表面观察到，胫骨侧皮毛鳞片边缘光滑，鳞片结构呈镶嵌和冠状。由于不同程度的磨损，其他部位的毛皮的鳞片结构显示出不规则的波浪。从皮毛的横截面来看，足癣的皮毛内侧部分没有髓质段。腓骨和胫骨侧面的髓质层显示出多孔泡沫结构。远端腓骨一侧和胫骨一侧的髓质髓指数（MI）分别为70.35％和81.79％，内侧部分的髓质指数为77.88％和88.08％。分别通过红外光谱和能谱分析测量了驯鹿脚皮的成分。脚毛的元素含量在不同部分上有所不同。足底植物皮毛中的硫含量高于其他部位。研究结果可为远距离迁徙和游泳过程中驯鹿脚皮毛的功能研究和仿生设计提供基础。腓骨和胫骨侧面的髓质层显示出多孔泡沫结构。远端腓骨一侧和胫骨一侧的髓质髓指数（MI）分别为70.35％和81.79％，内侧部分的髓质指数为77.88％和88.08％。分别通过红外光谱和能谱分析测量了驯鹿脚皮的成分。脚毛的元素含量在不同部分上有所不同。足底植物皮毛中的硫含量高于其他部位。研究结果可为远距离迁徙和游泳过程中驯鹿脚皮毛的功能研究和仿生设计提供基础。腓骨和胫骨侧面的髓质层显示出多孔泡沫结构。远端腓骨一侧和胫骨一侧的髓质髓指数（MI）分别为70.35％和81.79％，内侧部分的髓质指数为77.88％和88.08％。分别通过红外光谱和能谱分析测量了驯鹿脚皮的成分。脚毛的元素含量在不同部分上有所不同。足底植物皮毛中的硫含量高于其他部位。研究结果可为远距离迁徙和游泳过程中驯鹿脚毛的功能研究和仿生设计提供基础。分别通过红外光谱和能谱分析测量了驯鹿脚皮的成分。脚毛的元素含量在不同部分上有所不同。足底植物皮毛中的硫含量高于其他部位。研究结果可为远距离迁徙和游泳过程中驯鹿脚皮毛的功能研究和仿生设计提供基础。分别通过红外光谱和能谱分析测量了驯鹿脚皮的成分。脚毛的元素含量在不同部分上有所不同。足底植物皮毛中的硫含量高于其他部位。研究结果可为远距离迁徙和游泳过程中驯鹿脚皮毛的功能研究和仿生设计提供基础。