Objective: 

To examine older adults’ use over time of agents to treat or prevent dementia or enhance memory.

Design: 

Longitudinal community study with 10-year annual follow-up (2006-2017).

Setting: 

Population-based cohort.

Participants: 

A total of 1982 individuals with a mean (SD) age of 77 (7.4) years at baseline.

Measurements: 

Demographics, self-report, direct inspection of prescription antidementia drugs and nonprescription supplements, cognitive and functional assessments, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR®) Dementia Staging Instrument.

Results: 

Supplement use was reported by 27% to 42% of participants over 10 years. Use was associated with younger age, high school or greater education, good to excellent self-reported health, higher memory test scores, and absence of cognitive impairment or dementia (CDR=0). Over the same period, about 2% to 6% of participants took prescription dementia medications over 10 years. Use was associated with lower memory test scores, at least mild cognitive impairment (CDR≥0.5), fair to poor self-rated health, and high school or lesser education.

Conclusions: 

The use of both prescription drugs and supplements increased over time, except for decreases in ginkgo and vitamin E. Prescription drug use appeared in line with prescribing guidelines. Supplement use was associated with higher education and better self-rated health; it persists despite a lack of supportive evidence.

中文翻译：

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使用药物和补充剂治疗或预防痴呆症的趋势：基于人群的研究。

客观的： 

检查老年人随着时间的推移使用药物治疗或预防痴呆或增强记忆力。

设计： 

纵向社区研究，每年随访 10 年（2006-2017）。

环境： 

基于人群的队列。

参与者： 

基线时共有 1982 名平均 (SD) 年龄为 77 (7.4) 岁的人。

测量： 

人口统计、自我报告、处方抗痴呆药物和非处方补充剂的直接检查、认知和功能评估、临床痴呆分级 (CDR®) 痴呆分期工具。

结果： 

27% 至 42% 的参与者在 10 年内报告了补充剂使用情况。使用与年龄较小、高中或更高教育、良好至优秀的自我报告健康、较高的记忆测试分数以及没有认知障碍或痴呆症（CDR = 0）相关。在同一时期，大约 2% 到 6% 的参与者在 10 年内服用了处方痴呆药物。使用与较低的记忆测试分数、至少轻度认知障碍（CDR≥0.5）、自评健康状况一般或较差以及高中或教育程度较低有关。

结论： 

处方药和补充剂的使用随着时间的推移而增加，除了银杏和维生素 E 的减少。处方药的使用似乎符合处方指南。补充剂的使用与高等教育和更好的自评健康有关；尽管缺乏支持性证据，它仍然存在。