Nutrition transition theory describes a progressive substitution of local staples for industrialized processed foods in local diets, a process documented diversely across world regions, and increasingly observed in rural areas of the global south. Here we examine the role of conditional cash transfer programs, in particular the emblematic Brazilian Bolsa Família (BFP), in driving nutritional transition in rural areas of the Amazon. Based on ethnographic research with both participating and nonparticipating women in the Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve (SDR), our analysis integrates Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ), seasonal 24-hour food intake recalls, and stable isotope ratios in fingernails to examine dietary behavioral change. Contrary to dietary changes observed elsewhere in the Amazon, participation in the BFP is not associated with a significant substitution of local staples for industrialized processed foods in Amanã. While an increase in the consumption of some industrialized foods was observed, it has been selective and it has not changed the structure of diets. Factors such as social and cultural value of local staples, resident's involvement with the SDR, their relationship with lake and upland forest and agricultural environments, and limited market access have buffered the expansion of industrialized processed foods as observed elsewhere.

中文翻译：

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亚马逊的有条件现金转移：从营养过渡到复杂的饮食行为改变。

营养过渡理论描述了用当地饮食逐步取代当地主食的工业化加工食品，这一过程在世界各地区都有不同的记载，并且在全球南部的农村地区越来越多地观察到。在这里，我们研究了有条件的现金转移计划，特别是具有象征意义的巴西家庭补助金计划（BFP），在推动亚马逊农村地区的营养过渡方面的作用。基于对Amanã可持续发展保护区（SDR）中参与和未参与的女性进行的人种学研究，我们的分析综合了食物频率问卷（FFQ），24小时季节性食物摄入量回收率和指甲中稳定的同位素比，以检查饮食行为变化。与亚马逊其他地区观察到的饮食变化相反，参与BFP与在Amanã中将当地主食大量替代工业化加工食品没有关系。尽管观察到某些工业化食品的消费量有所增加，但这是有选择性的，并且没有改变饮食结构。如其他地方所观察到的那样，诸如当地主食的社会和文化价值，居民参与特别提款权，与湖泊和高地森林及农业环境的关系以及市场准入有限等因素阻碍了工业化加工食品的扩张。