B cells represent a key cellular component of humoral immunity. Besides antigen presentation and antibody production, B cells also play a role in immune regulation and induction of tolerance through several mechanisms. Our understanding of B-lineage cells with regulatory ability has been revolutionized by the delineation of heterogeneous subsets of these cells. Specific environmental signals may further determine the polarization and function of B-lineage regulatory cells. With the availability of new genetic, molecular and pharmacological tools, considerable advances have been made toward our understanding of the surface phenotype, developmental processes and functions of these cells. These exciting discoveries, some of which are still controversial, also raise many new questions, which makes the inhibitory function of B cells a rapidly growing field in immunopathology. Here we review highlights of the regulatory activity of B cells and the recent advances in the function and phenotype of these B-cell subsets in healthy and diseased states.

中文翻译：

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B谱系调节细胞（Breg细胞）的异质子集。

B细胞代表体液免疫的关键细胞成分。除了抗原呈递和抗体产生外，B细胞还通过多种机制在免疫调节和诱导耐受中发挥作用。通过描绘这些细胞的异质子集，我们对具有调节能力的B谱系细胞的理解发生了革命性的变化。特定的环境信号可以进一步确定B谱系调节细胞的极化和功能。随着新的遗传，分子和药理学工具的出现，我们对这些细胞的表面表型，发育过程和功能的理解取得了长足的进步。这些令人振奋的发现，其中一些仍是有争议的，也提出了许多新问题，这使得B细胞的抑制功能在免疫病理学中迅速发展。在这里，我们回顾了健康和患病状态下B细胞的调节活性以及这些B细胞亚群的功能和表型的最新进展。