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A developmental perspective on the evolution of the nervous system.
Developmental Biology ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.10.003
José M Martín-Durán 1 , Andreas Hejnol 2
Affiliation  

The evolution of nervous systems in animals has always fascinated biologists, and thus multiple evolutionary scenarios have been proposed to explain the appearance of neurons and complex neuronal centers. However, the absence of a robust phylogenetic framework for animal interrelationships, the lack of a mechanistic understanding of development, and a recapitulative view of animal ontogeny have traditionally limited these scenarios. Only recently, the integration of advanced molecular and morphological studies in a broad range of animals has allowed to trace the evolution of developmental and neuronal characters on a better-resolved animal phylogeny. This has falsified most traditional scenarios for nervous system evolution, paving the way for the emergence of new testable hypotheses. Here we summarize recent progress in studies of nervous system development in major animal lineages and formulate some of the arising questions. In particular, we focus on how lineage analyses of nervous system development and a comparative study of the expression of neural-related genes has influenced our understanding of the evolution of an elaborated central nervous system in Bilateria. We argue that a phylogeny-guided study of neural development combining thorough descriptive and functional analyses is key to establish more robust scenarios for the origin and evolution of animal nervous systems.

中文翻译:

关于神经系统进化的发展观点。

动物神经系统的进化一直让生物学家着迷,因此提出了多种进化方案来解释神经元和复杂神经元中心的出现。然而,由于缺乏强有力的动物相互关系的系统发育框架、缺乏对发育的机械理解以及对动物个体发育的概括性观点,传统上限制了这些情况。直到最近,对广泛动物的先进分子和形态学研究的整合才允许在更好解析的动物系统发育上追踪发育和神经元特征的进化。这已经证伪了神经系统进化的大多数传统假设,为新的可检验假设的出现铺平了道路。在这里,我们总结了主要动物谱系神经系统发育研究的最新进展,并提出了一些出现的问题。特别是,我们关注神经系统发育的谱系分析和神经相关基因表达的比较研究如何影响我们对双叶藻中精心设计的中枢神经系统进化的理解。我们认为,系统发育指导的神经发育研究结合彻底的描述性和功能性分析是为动物神经系统的起源和进化建立更可靠的情景的关键。我们专注于神经系统发育的谱系分析和神经相关基因表达的比较研究如何影响我们对双叶藻中精心设计的中枢神经系统进化的理解。我们认为,系统发育指导的神经发育研究结合彻底的描述性和功能性分析是为动物神经系统的起源和进化建立更可靠的情景的关键。我们专注于神经系统发育的谱系分析和神经相关基因表达的比较研究如何影响我们对双叶藻中精心设计的中枢神经系统进化的理解。我们认为,系统发育指导的神经发育研究结合彻底的描述性和功能性分析是为动物神经系统的起源和进化建立更可靠的情景的关键。
更新日期:2020-04-20
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