OBJECTIVES Although many Iraq/Afghanistan warzone veterans report few problems with adjustment, a substantial proportion report debilitating mental health symptoms and functional impairment, suggesting the influence of personal factors that may promote adjustment. A significant minority also incur warzone-related traumatic brain injury (TBI), the majority of which are of mild severity (mTBI). We tested direct and indirect pathways through which a resilient personality prototype predicts adjustment of warzone veterans with and without mTBI over time. METHOD A sample of 264 war veterans (181 men) completed measures of lifetime and warzone-related TBIs, personality traits, psychological adjustment, quality of life, and functional impairment. Social support, coping, and psychological flexibility were examined as mediators of the resilience-adjustment relationship. Instruments were administered at baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-month assessments. Structural equation models accounted for combat exposure and response style. RESULTS Compared with a nonresilient personality prototype, a resilient prototype was directly associated with lower PTSD, depression, and functional disability, and higher quality of life at all time-points. Warzone mTBIs frequency was associated with higher scores on a measure of functional disability. Indirect effects via psychological flexibility were observed from personality to all outcomes, and from warzone-related mTBIs to PTSD, depression, and functional disability, at each time-point. CONCLUSIONS Several characteristics differentiate veterans who are resilient from those who are less so. These findings reveal several factors through which a resilient personality prototype and the number of mTBIs may be associated with veteran adjustment. Psychological flexibility appears to be a critical modifiable factor in veteran adjustment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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恢复力通过在有或没有轻度创伤性脑损伤的伊拉克/阿富汗退伍军人中更大的心理灵活性来促进调整。

目标 尽管许多伊拉克/阿富汗战区退伍军人报告的适应问题很少，但很大一部分人报告说精神健康症状和功能受损，这表明可能促进适应的个人因素的影响。相当一部分人还会发生与战区有关的创伤性脑损伤 (TBI)，其中大多数是轻度严重 (mTBI)。我们测试了直接和间接途径，通过这些途径，弹性人格原型可以预测随着时间的推移有和没有 mTBI 的战区退伍军人的调整。方法 264 名退伍军人（181 名男性）的样本完成了对终生和战区相关 TBI、人格特征、心理调整、生活质量和功能障碍的测量。社会支持、应对、和心理灵活性被检查为弹性 - 调整关系的中介。在基线、4 个月、8 个月和 12 个月的评估中使用了工具。结构方程模型解释了战斗暴露和反应方式。结果 与非弹性人格原型相比，弹性原型在所有时间点与较低的 PTSD、抑郁和功能障碍以及较高的生活质量直接相关。Warzone mTBI 频率与功能残疾测量的较高分数相关。在每个时间点，从性格到所有结果，从战区相关的 mTBI 到 PTSD、抑郁和功能障碍，都观察到了通过心理灵活性产生的间接影响。结论 有几个特点可以区分有弹性的退伍军人和不太适应的退伍军人。这些发现揭示了几个因素，通过这些因素，弹性人格原型和 mTBI 的数量可能与退伍军人调整有关。心理灵活性似乎是退伍军人调整的关键可改变因素。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2019 APA，保留所有权利）。