Regions of the prefrontal and cingulate cortices play important roles in the regulation of behaviors elicited by threat. Dissecting out their differential involvement will greatly increase our understanding of the varied etiology of symptoms of anxiety. I review evidence for altered activity within the major divisions of the prefrontal cortex, including orbitofrontal, ventrolateral, dorsolateral, and ventromedial sectors, along with the anterior cingulate cortex in patients with clinical anxiety. This review is integrated with a discussion of current knowledge about the causal role of these different prefrontal and cingulate regions in threat-elicited behaviors from experimental studies in rodents and monkeys. I highlight commonalities and inconsistencies between species and discuss the current state of our translational success in relating findings across species. Finally, I identify key issues that, if addressed, may improve that success in the future.

中文翻译：

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威胁举止行为的前额规制：翻译的途径。

前额叶和扣带状皮质的区域在由威胁引起的行为的调节中起重要作用。剖析他们的差异性参与将极大地增加我们对焦虑症状的多种病因学的理解。我回顾了临床焦虑症患者前额叶皮层主要区域内活动改变的证据，包括眶额叶，腹外侧，背外侧和腹侧区以及前扣带皮层。这篇综述与有关啮齿动物和猴子的实验研究中有关这些不同的前额叶和扣带状区域在威胁引起的行为中的因果作用的当前知识的讨论相结合。我重点介绍了物种之间的共性和矛盾之处，并讨论了我们在跨物种发现相关的研究中所取得的转化成功的现状。最后，我确定了关键问题，如果解决这些问题，将来可能会提高成功率。