The primary malignancy of liver, known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), comprises 9% of all hepatobiliary carcinomas. A steady rise has also been observed in adenocarcinoma (ADC) of the liver and ampullary carcinoma (AMC), ascending to 0.5% of gastrointestinal malignancies. Hepatobiliary carcinomas consist of 13% of all cancer occurrences worldwide. Purinergic receptor–based signaling holds the therapeutic potential based on its role in cell proliferation of several carcinomas. An altered ATP concentration in nanomoles may lead towards crucial changes in cancer growth patterns in liver tissue. A total of 40 tissue samples were collected (20 samples of HCC, 10 samples of ADC, and 10 samples of AMC) from patients that underwent surgery. P2X4 and P2X7 receptors exhibited significantly increased expression in HCC, ADC, and AMC samples as compared with the control tissue samples. While ADC and AMC samples showed higher expression of P2X4 and P2X7 than the control, statistically, HCC samples exhibited the most significant expression of both P2X4 and P2X7 receptors than control tissues. It may be inferred that higher expression of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors is significantly associated with the upregulated cellular stress leading to inflammation and it is plausible that both these receptors may be used in diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools for carcinoma studies in the future.

中文翻译：

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嘌呤能受体在巴基斯坦人群肝胆癌中的作用：P2X4 和 P2X7 受体促炎作用的方法。

肝脏的原发性恶性肿瘤称为肝细胞癌 (HCC)，占所有肝胆癌的 9%。肝脏腺癌 (ADC) 和壶腹癌 (AMC) 的发病率也稳步上升，占胃肠道恶性肿瘤的 0.5%。肝胆癌占全球所有癌症的 13%。基于嘌呤能受体的信号传导因其在多种癌症细胞增殖中的作用而具有治疗潜力。纳摩尔 ATP 浓度的改变可能会导致肝组织中癌症生长模式的重大变化。从接受手术的患者中总共收集了 40 份组织样本（20 份 HCC 样本、10 份 ADC 样本和 10 份 AMC 样本）。与对照组织样本相比，P2X4 和 P2X7 受体在 HCC、ADC 和 AMC 样本中的表达显着增加。虽然 ADC 和 AMC 样品显示出比对照组织更高的 P2X4 和 P2X7 表达，但从统计学上看，HCC 样品比对照组织显示出最显着的 P2X4 和 P2X7 受体表达。可以推断，P2X4 和 P2X7 受体的较高表达与导致炎症的细胞应激上调显着相关，并且这两种受体可能在未来用于癌症研究的诊断、预后和治疗工具。