INTRODUCTION Hydrocephalus is a multifactorial disease, affecting the dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and leading to severe neurological impairment in children; in spite of the recent advances in hydrocephalus research, it has many physiopathological aspects that still remain poorly understood, especially after treatment. OBJECTIVES To analyze the clinical, radiological, histopathological, and biochemical aspects of kaolin-induced hydrocephalus in an experimental model, both in the acute phase and after shunt treatment, by means of behavioral tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, histopathological studies, and level of inflammatory interleukins in the CSF. METHODS Seven-day-old Wistar rats were used and subdivided into three subgroups: treated hydrocephalic (n = 24), untreated hydrocephalic (n = 17), and controls (n = 5). The hydrocephalic groups underwent cisternal injection of 15% kaolin for induction of hydrocephalus at 7 days of age. The treated group was submitted to a ventricular-subcutaneous shunt (VSCS) 1 week after induction. All animals were euthanized at 21 days of age. They underwent motor function and memory testing as well as brain MRI scans. Histopathological analysis for glial fibrillary acidic protein and Ki-67 was done, and CSF was collected for measurement of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. RESULTS The average time to reach the water maze platform was highest in the untreated hydrocephalic group. The magnetization transfer rates were 37.21 and 33.76 before and after shunting, respectively. The mean astrocyte counts were 2.45, 1.36, and 90.5 for shunted, untreated, and control animals, respectively. The mean CSF IL-1β concentrations were 62.3 and 249.6 pg/mL, the average IL-6 levels were 104.2 and 364.7 pg/mL, and the average TNF-α values were 4.9 and 170.5 pg/mL for the treated hydrocephalic group and the untreated group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Pups treated with a CSF shunt showed better performance on memory tests. VSCS did not revert demyelination caused by hydrocephalus. Likewise, reactive astrocytosis and cell proliferation over the germinal matrix were not reversed after shunting. Hydrocephalic animals had raised levels of inflammatory interleukins, which returned to normal after treatment.

中文翻译：

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幼鼠实验性梗阻性脑积水的病程和外科治疗的行为和生化特征。

引言脑积水是一种多因素疾病，会影响脑脊液（CSF）的动态并导致儿童严重的神经功能障碍。尽管脑积水研究的最新进展，但它的许多生理病理学方面仍然知之甚少，尤其是在治疗后。目的通过行为测试，磁共振成像（MRI）扫描，组织病理学研究，在急性期和分流治疗后的实验模型中分析高岭土诱发的脑积水的临床，放射学，组织病理学和生化方面，脑脊液中炎性白介素的水平和水平。方法使用7日龄的Wistar大鼠，将其分为三个亚组：治疗的脑积水（n = 24），未治疗的脑积水（n = 17）和对照组（n = 5）。脑积水组在7天时进行了15％高岭土脑池注射以诱导脑积水。诱导后1周，将治疗组接受心室皮下分流（VSCS）。所有动物在21日龄时均被安乐死。他们进行了运动功能和记忆力测试以及脑部MRI扫描。进行了胶质纤维酸性蛋白和Ki-67的组织病理学分析，并收集脑脊液以测量IL-1β，IL-6和TNF-α。结果在未经治疗的脑积水组中，到达水迷宫平台的平均时间最高。分流前后的磁化传递速率分别为37.21和33.76。分流，未治疗和对照动物的平均星形胶质细胞计数分别为2.45、1.36和90.5。CSFIL-1β的平均浓度为62.3和249。治疗的脑积水组和未治疗的脑积水组的平均IL-6水平分别为6 pg / mL，104.2 pg / mL和364.7 pg / mL，平均TNF-α值分别为4.9和170.5 pg / mL。结论经CSF分流器处理的幼犬在记忆测试中表现出更好的性能。VSCS没有恢复由脑积水引起的脱髓鞘。同样，分流后反应性星形细胞增多和生发基质上的细胞增殖也没有逆转。脑积水动物的炎症性白介素水平升高，经治疗后恢复正常。VSCS没有恢复由脑积水引起的脱髓鞘。同样，分流后反应性星形细胞增多和生发基质上的细胞增殖也没有逆转。脑积水动物的炎症性白介素水平升高，经治疗后恢复正常。VSCS没有恢复由脑积水引起的脱髓鞘。同样，分流后反应性星形细胞增多和生发基质上的细胞增殖也没有逆转。脑积水动物的炎症性白介素水平升高，经治疗后恢复正常。