Exploring the composition and structure of the faecal microbial community improves the understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in the gastrointestinal function and the egg-laying performance of hens. Therefore, detection of hen-microbial interactions can explore a new breeding marker for the selection of egg production due to the important role of the gut microbiome in the host's metabolism and health. Recently, the gut microbiota has been recognised as a regulator of host performance, which has led to investigations of the productive effects of changes in the faecal microbiome in various animals. In the present study, a metagenomics analysis was applied to characterise the composition and structural diversity of faecal microbial communities under two selections of egg-laying performance, high (H, n = 30) and low (L, n = 30), using 16S rRNA-based metagenomic association analysis. The most abundant bacterial compositions were estimated based on the operational classification units among samples and between the groups from metagenomic data sets. The results indicated that Firmicutes phylum has higher significant (P < 0.01) in the H group than in the L group. In addition, higher relative abundance phyla of Bacteroides and Fusobacteria were estimated in the H group than the L group, contrasting the phyla of Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria were more relative abundance in the L group. The families (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Acinetobacter, Flavobacteriaceae, Lachnoclostridum and Rhodococcus) were more abundant in the H group based on the comparison between the H and L groups. Meanwhile, three types of phyla (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria) and six families (Acinetobacter, Avibacterium, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Helicobacter and Peptoclostridium) were more abundant in the L group (P < 0.01). Overall, the selection of genotypes has enriched a relationship between the gut microbiota and the egg-laying performance. These findings suggest that the faecal microbiomes of chickens with high egg-laying performance have more diverse activities than those of chickens with low egg-laying performance, which may be related to the metabolism and health of the host and egg production variation.

中文翻译：

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使用基于扩增子的宏基因组关联分析，与母鸡的产卵性能相关的粪便微生物组序列。

探索粪便微生物群落的组成和结构可增进对肠道菌群在胃肠功能和母鸡产卵性能中作用的认识。因此，由于肠道微生物组在宿主代谢和健康中的重要作用，检测母鸡与微生物之间的相互作用可以探索一种新的育种标记来选择产蛋。最近，肠道菌群被认为是宿主行为的调节器，这导致了对粪便微生物组变化对各种动物的生产影响的研究。在本研究中，采用宏基因组学分析来表征两种选择的产卵性能，即高（H，n = 30）和低（L，n = 30），粪便微生物群落的组成和结构多样性，使用基于16S rRNA的宏基因组关联分析。根据样本之间以及宏基因组数据集的各组之间的操作分类单位，估计最丰富的细菌组成。结果表明，H组的门扇菌显着高于L组（P <0.01）。此外，H组的拟杆菌和融合细菌的相对丰度比L组高，而放线菌属，蓝细菌和变形杆菌的相对丰度在L组中更高。根据H和L组之间的比较，H组中的家族（乳酸杆菌，双歧杆菌，不动杆菌，黄杆菌科，拉氏梭菌和红球菌）更为丰富。同时，三种门（Proteobacteria，L组中有6个科（放线菌和蓝细菌）和不动杆菌属，不动杆菌属，梭状芽孢杆菌，梭状芽孢杆菌，棒状杆菌，幽门螺杆菌和肽菌属（P <0.01）。总体而言，基因型的选择丰富了肠道菌群与产卵性能之间的关系。这些发现表明，高产蛋性能的鸡的粪便微生物群比低产蛋性能的鸡的粪便微生物群更具多样性，这可能与宿主的代谢和健康以及产蛋量的变化有关。基因型的选择丰富了肠道菌群与产卵性能之间的关系。这些发现表明，高产蛋性能的鸡的粪便微生物群比低产蛋性能的鸡的粪便微生物群更具多样性，这可能与宿主的代谢和健康以及产蛋量的变化有关。基因型的选择丰富了肠道菌群与产卵性能之间的关系。这些发现表明，高产蛋性能的鸡的粪便微生物群比低产蛋性能的鸡的粪便微生物群更具多样性，这可能与宿主的代谢和健康以及产蛋量的变化有关。