In prospective memory (PM) research, a common finding is that people are slower to perform an ongoing task with concurrent PM demands than to perform the same task alone. This slowing, referred to as costs, has been seen as reflecting the processes underlying successful PM. Historically, costs have been interpreted as evidence that attentional capacity is being devoted toward detecting PM targets and maintaining the intention in working memory; in other words, the claim is that participants are monitoring. A new account, termed delay theory, instead suggests that costs indicate a strategic speed/accuracy adjustment in favor of accuracy, allowing more time for PM-related information to reach its own threshold. Taking a meta-analytic approach, we first review studies in the PM literature that have reported ongoing task performance, both with and without a concurrent PM task, identifying key factors suitable for the meta-analysis. Next, we analyze the data of these studies, using our factors as moderators in a series of metaregressions, to determine their impact on the presence or magnitude of PM-related costs. Finally, we interpret the results of the meta-analysis from both monitoring and delay perspectives in an effort to better understand the nature of costs and what they reflect about the underlying cognitive processes involved in PM. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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为了更好地理解预期记忆中的成本：一项荟萃分析。

在前瞻性内存（PM）研究中，一个普遍的发现是，与并发的PM需求相比，人们执行正在进行的任务要比单独执行同一任务要慢。这种减缓（称为成本）被视为反映了成功的PM背后的过程。从历史上看，成本已被解释为注意力集中在检测PM目标和保持工作记忆意图上的证据。换句话说，声称参与者正在监视。取而代之的是一个称为延迟理论的新账户，它表明成本表明了对速度的准确性/准确性的调整，以求准确性，从而使与PM相关的信息有更多的时间达到自己的阈值。我们采用荟萃分析的方法，首先回顾了PM文献中的研究，这些研究报告了正在进行的任务执行情况，无论是否有并发的PM任务，都要确定适合荟萃分析的关键因素。接下来，我们使用这些因素作为一系列元回归的调节剂，分析这些研究的数据，以确定它们对与PM相关的成本的存在或数量的影响。最后，我们从监视和延迟的角度解释了荟萃分析的结果，以期更好地理解成本的性质以及它们对参与PM的潜在认知过程的反映。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。我们从监视和延迟的角度来解释荟萃分析的结果，以更好地了解成本的性质以及它们对参与PM的潜在认知过程的反映。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。我们从监视和延迟的角度来解释荟萃分析的结果，以更好地了解成本的性质以及它们对参与PM的潜在认知过程的反映。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。