Hemolysis is a major concern in blood-circulating devices, which arises due to non-physiological stresses on red blood cells from ambient flow environment or moving mechanical structures. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and empirical hemolysis prediction models have been increasingly used for the design and optimization of blood-circulating devices. The commonly used power-law models for hemolysis prediction often use Reynolds stress to represent effective stress, tend to over-predict hemolysis and fail to capture trends of flow-related hemolysis. This study proposed a new power-law formulation for the numerical hemolysis prediction. The new formulation related hemolysis to the energy dissipation rate, which could be readily obtained from CFD simulations. The model constants were regressed from existing hemolysis data. The new formulation was tested for three benchmark cases and compared to conventional power-law models. The results showed that the new formulation improved prediction of hemolysis for a broad range of flow regimes. The deviations of the predicted hemolysis from experimental results were within one order, and better correlated with experimental results. This study confirmed that Reynolds stress is the main cause of over-prediction of hemolysis for conventional power-law models. Proportionally, the blood damage predicted with Reynolds stresses is more than one order higher than viscous stress, in terms of energy dissipation.

中文翻译：

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基于能量耗散的幂律公式，用于估计溶血。

溶血是血液循环装置中的主要问题，这是由于周围流动环境或移动的机械结构对红血球的非生理压力引起的。计算流体动力学（CFD）和经验溶血预测模型已越来越多地用于血液循环设备的设计和优化。用于溶血预测的常用幂律模型通常使用雷诺应力来表示有效应力，倾向于过度预测溶血，而无法捕捉与流量相关的溶血趋势。这项研究为数值溶血预测提出了一种新的幂律公式。新配方将溶血与能量耗散率相关，可以通过CFD模拟轻松获得。从现有溶血数据回归模型常数。测试了新配方的三个基准案例，并与传统的幂律模型进行了比较。结果表明，新制剂改善了广泛流态下溶血的预测。预测的溶血与实验结果的偏差在一个数量级之内，并且与实验结果更好地相关。这项研究证实，雷诺应力是传统幂律模型对溶血过高预测的主要原因。按比例，就能量耗散而言，用雷诺应力预测的血液损害比粘性应力高出一个数量级。预测的溶血与实验结果的偏差在一个数量级之内，并且与实验结果更好地相关。这项研究证实，雷诺应力是传统幂律模型对溶血过高预测的主要原因。按比例，就能量耗散而言，用雷诺应力预测的血液损害比粘性应力高出一个数量级。预测的溶血与实验结果的偏差在一个数量级之内，并且与实验结果更好地相关。这项研究证实，雷诺应力是传统幂律模型对溶血过高预测的主要原因。按比例，就能量耗散而言，用雷诺应力预测的血液损害比粘性应力高出一个数量级。