BACKGROUND Alcohol-related morbidity may involve changes in the gut microbiota and immune dysregulation. We have previously demonstrated alterations in gut microbiota composition and functions in patients with alcohol overconsumption, and now aimed to investigate possible associations between cytokine levels, gut microbiota, and clinical symptoms. METHODS We included hospital inpatients with a history of chronic alcohol overconsumption. For comparison, we included control patients with a low alcohol intake. Cytokine levels (TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-8, IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, IL-1RA, IL-1β, and IL-17) were determined using a customized V-plex assay. We then examined associations of cytokine levels with the abundance of Proteobacteria and Faecalibacterium, percentage of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, psychiatric symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and biochemical liver variables. RESULTS We included 28 patients with alcohol overconsumption (79% men), and 25 control patients (72% men). Patients with alcohol overconsumption had higher levels of IL-6 (p = 0.002), IFN-γ (p = 0.018), and MCP-1 (p = 0.006), and lower levels of TGF-β1 (p = 0.017) compared with control patients. Inverse correlations were found between Proteobacteria abundance and TNF-α (Rs = -0.55, p = 0.02) and IL-8 (Rs = -0.58, p = 0.014), and between Faecalibacterium and MCP-1 levels (Rs = -0.56, p = 0.02) in the control patients, but not in patients with alcohol overconsumption. Patients with alcohol overconsumption reported more psychiatric symptoms, and these symptoms were inversely correlated with IL-10 levels. There were positive correlations between several of the assessed cytokines and biochemical liver variables, and negative correlations between cytokine levels and albumin. CONCLUSION Patients with alcohol overconsumption had a cytokine profile suggestive of increased systemic inflammatory activity, with higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ, and MCP-1) and lower levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β1). The findings may represent a link between alcohol use and alcohol-related morbidity.

中文翻译：

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长期饮酒过量的患者血浆细胞因子水平：与肠道菌群标志物的关系及临床相关性。

背景技术与酒精有关的发病率可能涉及肠道菌群的变化和免疫失调。我们以前已经证明酒精过量消费患者肠道菌群组成和功能会发生变化，现在旨在研究细胞因子水平，肠道菌群与临床症状之间的可能联系。方法我们纳入了有长期酗酒史的住院患者。为了进行比较，我们纳入了酒精摄入量较低的对照患者。使用定制的V确定细胞因子水平（TGF-β1，TNF-α，IL-10，IL-8，IL-6，IFN-γ，MCP-1，IL-1RA，IL-1β和IL-17） -多重测定。然后，我们检查了细胞因子水平与变形杆菌和费氏杆菌的含量，短链脂肪酸丁酸酯的百分比，精神症状（医院焦虑和抑郁量表）以及生化肝脏变量。结果我们纳入了28例饮酒过量的患者（男性79％）和25例对照患者（72％男性）。与过量饮酒的患者相比，酒精过量患者的IL-6（p = 0.002），IFN-γ（p = 0.018）和MCP-1（p = 0.006）较高，而TGF-β1（p = 0.017）较低。控制病人。变形杆菌丰度与TNF-α（Rs = -0.55，p = 0.02）和IL-8（Rs = -0.58，p = 0.014）之间以及Faecalibacterium和MCP-1水平之间（Rs = -0.56， p = 0.02）在对照组患者中，但在饮酒过量的患者中没有。过度饮酒的患者报告有更多的精神症状，这些症状与IL-10水平呈负相关。几种评估的细胞因子与生化肝变量之间呈正相关，而细胞因子水平与白蛋白之间呈负相关。结论酗酒的患者的细胞因子特征提示全身炎症活动增加，促炎细胞因子（IL-6，IFN-γ和MCP-1）水平较高，消炎细胞因子（TGF-β1）水平较低）。该发现可能代表饮酒与酒精相关的发病率之间的联系。和MCP-1）和较低水平的抗炎细胞因子（TGF-β1）。该发现可能代表饮酒与酒精相关的发病率之间的联系。和MCP-1）和较低水平的抗炎细胞因子（TGF-β1）。该发现可能代表饮酒与酒精相关的发病率之间的联系。