Bumble bees (Bombus) are unusually important pollinators, with approximately 260 wild species native to all biogeographic regions except sub-Saharan Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. As they are vitally important in natural ecosystems and to agricultural food production globally, the increase in reports of declining distribution and abundance over the past decade has led to an explosion of interest in bumble bee population decline. We summarize data on the threat status of wild bumble bee species across biogeographic regions, underscoring regions lacking assessment data. Focusing on data-rich studies, we also synthesize recent research on potential causes of population declines. There is evidence that habitat loss, changing climate, pathogen transmission, invasion of nonnative species, and pesticides, operating individually and in combination, negatively impact bumble bee health, and that effects may depend on species and locality. We distinguish between correlational and causal results, underscoring the importance of expanding experimental research beyond the study of two commercially available species to identify causal factors affecting the diversity of wild species.

中文翻译：

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大黄蜂健康的全球趋势。

大黄蜂（Bombus）是异常重要的授粉媒介，除撒哈拉以南非洲，澳大利亚和新西兰外，所有生物地理区域都有大约260种野生物种。由于它们在自然生态系统和全球农业食品生产中至关重要，过去十年间分布和丰度下降的报道增多，导致对大黄蜂种群减少的兴趣激增。我们总结了有关生物地理区域内野生大黄蜂物种威胁状况的数据，强调了缺乏评估数据的区域。着眼于数据丰富的研究，我们还综合了有关人口下降的潜在原因的最新研究。有证据表明，栖息地的丧失，气候变化，病原体传播，外来物种和农药的入侵是单独或结合使用的，不利影响大黄蜂的健康，其影响可能取决于物种和地区。我们在相关结果和因果结果之间进行了区分，从而强调了扩大实验研究的范围，超越对两个可商购物种的研究范围，以识别影响野生物种多样性的因果因素。