Intraguild predation (IGP) has been commonly reported between predators and parasitoids used as biological control agents as predators consuming parasitoids within their hosts. However, the effect of parasitoid–mummy consumption on the fitness of the predator and subsequent oviposition site selection have not been well studied. In our study, we conducted two laboratory experiments to examine the influence of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) mummies as prey on fitness and subsequently oviposition site selection of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Results indicate that when H. axyridis was reared on A. gifuensis mummies only, its larval development was prolonged, and body weight of the 4th instar larvae and newly emerged adults, and fecundity decreased. Moreover, H. axyridis did not exhibit oviposition preference on plants infested with unparasitized aphids or aphids parasitized for shorter than 9 days. However, compared with plants with mummies (parasitized ≥9 days), H. axyridis laid more eggs on plants with unparasitized aphids. In contrast, H. axyridis previously fed with A. gifuensis mummies did not show a significant oviposition preference between plants with unparasitized aphids and those with mummies (parasitized ≥9 days). Overall, our results suggest that mummy consumption reduced the fitness of H. axyridis. Although H. axyridis avoided laying eggs on plants with A. gifuensis mummies, prior feeding experience on A. gifuensis mummies could alter the oviposition site preference. Thus, in biological control practice, prior feeding experience of H. axyridis should be carefully considered for reduction of IGP and increase of fitness of H. axyridis on A. gifuensis.

中文翻译：

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食用木乃伊对异色瓢虫适应度和产卵地选择的影响


据报道，捕食者和用作生物防治剂的拟寄生物之间存在群体内捕食（IGP），因为捕食者消耗寄主体内的拟寄生物。然而，食用寄生蜂木乃伊对捕食者适应性和随后产卵地点选择的影响尚未得到充分研究。在我们的研究中，我们进行了两项实验室实验，以研究 Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead（膜翅目：茧蜂科）木乃伊作为猎物对异色瓢虫（Pallas）（鞘翅目：瓢虫科）适应性和随后产卵地点选择的影响。结果表明，当异色异色蜂单独饲养于吉福异色蜂木乃伊上时，其幼虫发育时间延长，4龄幼虫和初羽成虫的体重和繁殖力下降。此外，异色瓢虫对未寄生的蚜虫或寄生时间短于9天的蚜虫侵染的植物不表现出产卵偏好。然而，与有木乃伊的植物（寄生≥9天）相比，异色瓢虫在未寄生蚜虫的植物上产卵更多。相比之下，之前用A. gifuensis木乃伊喂养的异色瓢虫在未寄生蚜虫的植物和寄生木乃伊（寄生≥9天）的植物之间没有表现出显着的产卵偏好。总体而言，我们的结果表明，木乃伊的食用降低了异色瓢虫的适应性。尽管异色瓢虫避免在含有吉福奇福菌木乃伊的植物上产卵，但先前对吉福奇福菌木乃伊的喂养经验可能会改变产卵地点的偏好。因此，在生物防治实践中，应仔细考虑异色瓢虫之前的饲养经验，以减少异色瓢虫的IGP并提高异色瓢虫对吉丰异色瓢虫的适应性。