Breath-focused mindfulness (BFM), which induces changes in brain structure and function, is applied in the clinical treatment of mental disorders as a method to regulate one's emotions. However, whether BFM works through a top-down emotional regulation strategy to alter brain dynamics and its relationship with individual differences in trait mindfulness are unclear. Event-related potentials (ERPs) of 20 healthy BFM-naïve undergraduates were recorded when they conducted BFM/viewing tasks while viewing affective pictures. Participants completed the Attentional Control Scale (ACS) and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). The results indicated that under the viewing condition, positive and negative pictures elicited greater P1, N2, and late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes than did neutral pictures. However, BFM attenuated P1, N2, and LPP amplitudes for positive and negative pictures but not for neutral pictures. P1 amplitudes for emotional minus neutral pictures correlated with individual differences in focus attention measured by the ACS, while N2 amplitudes for emotional minus neutral pictures correlated with individual differences in trait mindfulness measured by the MAAS. These observations suggest that, consistent with the dual-process model, BFM is an effective emotion regulation strategy and might activate the dorsal top-down prefrontal system to alter early and late neural dynamics of affective processing.

中文翻译：

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以呼吸为中心的正念改变情绪调节过程中的早期和晚期成分。

引起大脑结构和功能变化的以呼吸为中心的正念（BFM）被用于精神障碍的临床治疗，作为调节人的情绪的一种方法。然而，尚不清楚BFM是否通过自上而下的情绪调节策略来改变大脑动力，以及它与特质正念的个体差异之间的关系。当他们在观看情感图片时执行BFM /观看任务时，记录了20名未使用BFM的健康大学生的事件相关电位（ERP）。参与者完成了注意控制量表（ACS）和注意注意力意识量表（MAAS）。结果表明，在观看条件下，正图像和负图像会比中性图像引起更大的P1，N2和后期正电势（LPP）幅度。但是，BFM会衰减P1，N2，和LPP幅值用于正片和负片，而不适用于中性片。情绪减去中性图片的P1振幅与ACS测得的注意力集中程度的个体差异相关，而情绪减去中性图片的N2振幅与通过MAAS测得的特质注意度的个体差异有关。这些观察结果表明，与双过程模型一致，BFM是一种有效的情绪调节策略，并可能激活自上而下的前额叶正面额叶系统，以改变情感加工的早期和晚期神经动力学。而情绪减去中性图片的N2振幅与MAAS测量的特质正念的个体差异相关。这些观察结果表明，与双过程模型一致，BFM是一种有效的情绪调节策略，并可能激活自上而下的前额叶正面额叶系统，以改变情感加工的早期和晚期神经动力学。而情绪减去中性图片的N2振幅与MAAS测量的特质正念的个体差异相关。这些观察结果表明，与双过程模型一致，BFM是一种有效的情绪调节策略，并可能激活自上而下的前额叶正面额叶系统，以改变情感加工的早期和晚期神经动力学。