Emerging automation technologies could have a strong impact on the allocation of drivers' attentional resources. The first objective of this pilot study is to investigate the hemodynamic responses evoked to relevant visual stimuli in manual and autonomous driving. The second aim is to examine how the inclusion of a secondary task (attentive listening to a broadcast) modulates these hemodynamic responses in both driving situations. Frontal, temporo-parietal and occipital activations were recorded using a functional Near-InfraRed Spectroscopy (fNIRS) system. Event-related analysis was used to determine whether visual cue processing (specifically, the lighting of a lead vehicle's brake-lights) could induce different brain responses depending on the driving mode and on the presence or absence of a competing task. Mind-wandering as reported by the participants was more pronounced during autonomous compared to manual driving. Our results showed an increase in the OxyHb concentration in the right temporo-parietal and occipital areas during manual compared to autonomous driving, suggesting greater allocation of attentional resources for processing visual cues in the first condition. Finally, an event-related decrease in right frontal activity during autonomous driving when listening was observed, suggesting that attentional resources were more focused on the secondary task than on monitoring the driving scene.

中文翻译：

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自动驾驶与手动模拟驾驶中专心聆听期间对视觉提示的血流动力学响应：一项初步研究。

新兴的自动化技术可能会对驾驶员注意力资源的分配产生重大影响。这项初步研究的第一个目标是研究在手动和自动驾驶中对相关视觉刺激引起的血液动力学反应。第二个目的是研究在两个驾驶情况下，包括次要任务（专心听广播）如何调节这些血液动力学反应。使用功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）系统记录额叶，颞顶叶和枕叶的活化。事件相关的分析用于确定视觉提示处理（特别是领先车辆刹车灯的照明）是否会根据驾驶模式以及是否存在竞争任务而引起不同的大脑反应。与手动驾驶相比，参与者报告的在自动驾驶过程中徘徊更为明显。我们的研究结果表明，与自动驾驶相比，手动驾驶时右侧颞顶叶和枕叶区域的OxyHb浓度增加，这提示在第一状态下用于处理视觉线索的注意力资源分配更大。最后，观察到自动驾驶过程中，与听觉相关的右额叶活动减少，这表明注意力资源更多地集中在次要任务上，而不是监视驾驶场景。建议在第一个条件下分配更多的注意力资源来处理视觉提示。最后，观察到自动驾驶过程中，与听觉相关的右额叶活动减少，这表明注意力资源更多地集中在次要任务上，而不是监视驾驶场景。建议在第一个条件下分配更多的注意力资源来处理视觉提示。最后，观察到自动驾驶过程中，与听觉相关的右额叶活动减少，这表明注意力资源更多地集中在次要任务上，而不是监视驾驶场景。