Objective: We investigated the impact of the pre-training neuropsychological (NP) impairment and of the training progress on the NP and behavioural outcome after computerized cognitive training (CogT) in children with ADHD. Method: Thirty-one participants underwent individualized CogT (focussing on one or two cognitive domains: working memory, inhibition, attention) over 12 weeks. NP tests and behaviour ratings served as outcome measures. Results: After CogT, significant improvements emerged according to parents’ ratings, but only on very few NP test measures. Children with milder/no pre-training NP impairment showed larger improvements on behavioural ratings than more impaired children. A steeper training performance slope was related to better behavioural outcomes. Conclusion: We find partial support for specific effects of CogT, but the assumption that an individually tailored selection of training tasks would be particularly beneficial for children with ADHD with NP deficits was not confirmed.

Trial registration number: NCT02358941.

目的：我们研究了多动症儿童接受计算机认知训练（CogT）后，训练前神经心理学（NP）障碍和训练进度对NP和行为结果的影响。方法：31名参与者在12周内接受了个性化的CogT（侧重于一个或两个认知领域：工作记忆，抑制力，注意力）。NP测试和行为评级作为结果度量。结果：CogT后，根据父母的评分出现了显着改善，但仅在极少的NP测试方法上。较轻度/无预训练NP障碍的儿童比更多的障碍儿童表现出更大的行为等级改善。较陡的训练成绩斜率与更好的行为结果有关。结论：我们发现部分支持CogT的具体作用，但尚未确定关于个性化选择训练任务对患有NP缺陷的ADHD儿童特别有益的假设。

试用注册号：NCT02358941。