In recent years, private land conservation has increased in profile among policymakers and academics. Conservation initiatives on privately owned land help to mitigate global biodiversity loss and introduce new actors to conservation. However, they have also been the subject of numerous critical accounts. This review catalogs issues that emerge in critical literature, identifying 25 themes, classified into three groups: Implementation Effectiveness, Value Conflict, and Economic Inefficiency. Gaps in the literature include the need for broader geographic coverage; assessment of the issues’ specificity to private land conservation; and evaluation of the extent to which issues in the literature reflect broader societal values. The literature’s strong emphasis on value conflict suggests that greater attention to governance effectiveness may steer private land conservation toward practices that are more just, equitable, and representative and lead to increased societal support. We recommend further research to address identified gaps, with a greater orientation toward inclusive governance.

中文翻译：

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学术文献中对私人土地保护的批判观点回顾。


近年来，私人土地保护越来越受到政策制定者和学者的关注。对私有土地的保护举措有助于减轻全球生物多样性丧失，并引入新的保护行动者。然而，它们也成为众多批评者的关注对象。这篇综述对批评文献中出现的问题进行了分类，确定了 25 个主题，分为三组：实施有效性、价值冲突和经济低效率。文献中的空白包括需要更广泛的地理覆盖范围；评估私人土地保护问题的特殊性；以及评估文献中的问题反映更广泛的社会价值观的程度。文献对价值冲突的强烈强调表明，更多地关注治理有效性可能会引导私人土地保护走向更公正、公平和代表性的做法，并导致更多的社会支持。我们建议进一步研究以解决已发现的差距，并更加注重包容性治理。