Background: Providing nutritionally adequate complementary foods is essential in preventing malnutrition in young infants. Koko made from fermented corn dough constitutes the most common complementary food in Ghana. However, these do not meet the nutrient requirements. Objective: To develop and test the acceptability and shelf-life of an energy-dense complementary food supplement for improving the nutritional profile of traditional complementary foods. Methods: Surveys of families in urban and rural communities and stakeholder engagements with health professionals were done to identify the most predominant traditional complementary foods and young infants’ feeding practices. A food supplement, KOKO Plus, that would improve the nutritional profile of koko and other complementary foods needed to be developed. Linear programming was used in ingredient formulations for the food supplement based on locally available foods. The acceptability of the food supplement, KOKO Plus, in koko and soup was assessed using 14 trained assessors in a 2 × 2 crossover design. Shelf-life of the product was estimated using the difference in control sensory test method at different storage temperatures (24°C, 34°C, and 44°C). Results: Koko was the most predominant complementary food in many homes. The KOKO Plus food supplement improved the nutritional profile of koko to satisfy the nutrient intake requirements of young infants as recommended by World Health Organization. KOKO Plus was microbiologically safe, with estimated shelf-life of more than 12 months. Conclusion: The development of KOKO Plus as a food supplement provides a practical solution to improve the nutritional status of weaning children in Ghana.

中文翻译：

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KOKO Plus 的开发和感官保质期测试：一种用于改善传统辅助食品营养状况的食品补充剂

背景：提供营养充足的辅食对于预防幼儿营养不良至关重要。由发酵玉米面团制成的 Koko 是加纳最常见的辅食。但是，这些都不能满足营养需求。目的：开发并测试用于改善传统辅食营养状况的高能量辅食补充剂的可接受性和保质期。方法：对城市和农村社区的家庭进行调查以及利益相关者与卫生专业人员的接触，以确定最重要的传统辅食和幼儿喂养方式。一种食品补充剂 KOKO Plus，将改善 koko 和其他需要开发的辅食的营养状况。基于当地可获得的食物，线性规划用于食品补充剂的成分配方。食品补充剂 KOKO Plus 在 koko 和汤中的可接受性由 14 名训练有素的评估员以 2 × 2 交叉设计进行评估。使用不同储存温度（24°C、34°C 和 44°C）下控制感官测试方法的差异来估计产品的保质期。结果： Koko 是许多家庭中最主要的辅食。KOKO Plus 食品补充剂改善了 koko 的营养成分，以满足世界卫生组织推荐的小婴儿的营养摄入需求。KOKO Plus 是微生物安全的，估计保质期超过 12 个月。结论：