This study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological quality of a mangrove estuary in the Vitória Bay region, Espírito Santo, Brazil. We analyzed the presence and concentration of enteric viruses and thermotolerant coliforms in water, mussels (Mytella charruana and Mytella guyanensis), and oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae), collected over a 13-month period. Human adenovirus, rotavirus A (RVA), and norovirus genogroup II were analyzed by quantitative PCR. The highest viral load was found in RVA-positive samples with a concentration of 3.0 × 10⁴ genome copies (GC) L⁻¹ in water samples and 1.3 × 10⁵ GC g⁻¹ in bivalves. RVA was the most prevalent virus in all matrices. Thermotolerant coliforms were quantified as colony-forming units (CFU) by the membrane filtration method. The concentration of these bacteria in water was in accordance with the Brazilian standard for recreational waters (< 250 CFU 100 mL⁻¹) during most of the monitoring period (12 out of 13 months). However, thermotolerant coliform concentrations of 3.0, 3.1, and 2.6 log CFU 100 g⁻¹ were detected in M. charruana, M. guyanensis, and C. rhizophorae, respectively. The presence of human-specific viruses in water and bivalves reflects the strong anthropogenic impact on the mangrove and serves as an early warning of waterborne and foodborne disease outbreaks resulting from the consumption of shellfish and the practice of water recreational activities in the region.

中文翻译：

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监测巴西东南部红树林河口地表水和双壳类中的肠道病毒和耐热大肠菌群。

这项研究的目的是评估巴西埃斯皮里图桑托市维托里亚湾地区红树林河口的微生物质量。我们分析的存在和肠道病毒浓度和水耐热大肠菌，贻贝（Mytella charruana和Mytella guyanensis），和牡蛎（牡蛎rhizophorae），收集13个月的时期。通过定量PCR分析人腺病毒，轮状病毒A（RVA）和诺如病毒基因组II。在RVA阳性样品中发现最高的病毒载量，其中水样品中的浓度为3.0×10 ⁴ 基因组拷贝（GC）L ^-1，而1.3×10 ⁵  GC g ^-1在双壳类动物中。RVA是所有基质中最流行的病毒。通过膜过滤法将耐热大肠菌群定量为菌落形成单位（CFU）。在大多数监测期内（13个月中有12个月），水中这些细菌的浓度符合休闲水的巴西标准（<250 CFU 100 mL ^-1）。然而，3.0，3.1和2.6日志CFU100克耐热大肠菌浓度^-1是在检测到M. charruana，M. guyanensis，和C. rhizophorae， 分别。在水和双壳类动物中存在人类特异性病毒，这反映了对红树林的强烈人为影响，并作为因食用贝类和该区域进行水上娱乐活动而引起的水传和食源性疾病暴发的预警。