The aim of this study was to determine the origin (human, bovine or porcine) and the concentration of the fecal sources of contamination in waters from Santa Lucía basin and Uruguay River in Uruguay by using host-specific viral markers (adenoviruses and polyomaviruses) as microbial source tracking (MST). Between June 2015 and May 2016, monthly collections of surface water samples were performed in six sites in Santa Lucía basin and four sites in Uruguay River (n = 120 samples). Viral concentration was carried out using an absorption-elution method. Detection and quantification of human and porcine adenovirus (HAdV and PAdV, respectively) and human and bovine polyomavirus (HPyV and BoPyV, respectively) were performed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). To evaluate the infectivity of circulating HAdV, an integrated cell culture-qPCR (ICC-qPCR) was used. A logistic regression analysis was carried out to estimate the influence of environmental variables on the virus presence in surface waters. Overall, HAdV was the prevalent (18%; 21/120) followed by BoPyV (11%; 13/120) and HPyV (3%; 3/120), whereas PAdV was not detected in this study. The mean concentration ranged from 1.5 × 10⁴ genomic copies/L (gc/L) for HAdV to 1.8 × 10² gc/L for HPyV. Infective HAdVs were observed in two out of ten analyzed samples. A significant effect of environmental temperature (p = 0.001) and river (p = 0.012) on the presence of human viruses was found. These results suggest that fecal contamination could affect the water quality of these rivers, showing deficiencies in the procedure of sewage discharge from regional cities, livestock and dairy farms.

中文翻译：

---

乌拉圭圣卢西亚河和乌拉圭河中使用病毒指标进行的微生物源跟踪分析。

这项研究的目的是通过使用宿主特异性病毒标记（腺病毒和多瘤病毒）来确定来自圣卢西亚盆地和乌拉圭乌拉圭河水域中粪便中污染源（人类，牛或猪）和浓度。微生物来源跟踪（MST）。在2015年6月至2016年5月期间，每月在圣卢西亚盆地的六个地点和乌拉圭河的四个地点进行地表水样本的收集（n = 120个样本）。使用吸收-洗脱方法进行病毒浓缩。通过定量PCR（qPCR）对人和猪腺病毒（分别为HAdV和PAdV）以及人和牛多瘤病毒（分别为HPyV和BoPyV）进行检测和定量。为了评估循环HAdV的感染性，使用了整合的细胞培养qPCR（ICC-qPCR）。进行了逻辑回归分析以估计环境变量对地表水中病毒存在的影响。总体而言，HAdV流行（18％； 21/120），其次是BoPyV（11％； 13/120）和HPyV（3％； 3/120），而本研究中未检测到PAdV。平均浓度范围从HAdV的1.5×10 ^4个基因组拷贝/ L（gc / L）到1.8×10 ²HPyV的gc / L。十分之二的样本中观察到有感染性的HAdV。发现环境温度（p  = 0.001）和河流（p  = 0.012）对人类病毒的存在有显着影响。这些结果表明，粪便污染可能会影响这些河流的水质，表明从区域城市，畜牧和奶牛场排放污水的过程中存在缺陷。