Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great therapeutic potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their multipotency and paracrine functions. However, shortly after in vivo implantation, MSCs tend to migrate to the lungs and undergo apoptosis, which impairs their clinical efficacy. In addition, the ex vivo two-dimensional expansion of MSCs results in changes in their immunophenotype and functional activities compared to those in vivo. The use of biomaterials to culture and deliver MSCs has the potential to overcome these limitations. MSC-biomaterial constructs retain MSCs in situ and prolong their survival, while the MSCs ameliorate the foreign body reaction and fibrosis caused by the biomaterial. Biomaterial scaffolds can both preserve the tissue architecture and provide a three-dimensional biomimetic milieu for embedded MSCs, which enhance their paracrine functions, including their immunomodulatory potential. The dimensionality, physical characteristics, topographical cues, biochemistry, and microstructure can enhance the immunomodulatory potential of MSCs. Here, we review the link between the properties of biomaterial and the immunomodulatory potential of MSCs. Impact Statement Regeneration of cells, tissues, and whole organs is challenging. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their paracrine functions, including immunomodulatory activity. The dimensionality, physical characteristics, topographical cues, biochemistry, and microstructure of biomaterial can be harnessed to enhance the immunomodulatory potential of MSCs for tissue engineering, which will increase their clinical efficacy, particularly for immune-related diseases.

中文翻译：

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利用生物材料的特性来增强间充质干细胞的免疫调节。

间充质干细胞（MSC）由于具有多能性和旁分泌功能，因此在组织工程和再生医学方面具有巨大的治疗潜力。然而，在体内植入后不久，MSC趋于迁移至肺并经历凋亡，这削弱了它们的临床功效。另外，与体内的那些相比，MSC的体外二维扩展导致其免疫表型和功能活性的改变。使用生物材料培养和递送MSC具有克服这些限制的潜力。MSC生物材料构建体可将MSCs原位保留并延长其存活时间，而MSC则可改善由生物材料引起的异物反应和纤维化。生物材料支架既可以保留组织结构，又可以为嵌入式MSC提供三维仿生环境，增强其旁分泌功能，包括其免疫调节潜能。尺寸，物理特性，地形线索，生物化学和微观结构可以增强MSC的免疫调节潜力。在这里，我们审查生物材料的属性和间充质干细胞的免疫调节潜力之间的联系。影响陈述细胞，组织和整个器官的再生具有挑战性。间充质干细胞（MSC）由于其旁分泌功能（包括免疫调节活性）而在组织工程和再生医学中具有治疗潜力。可以利用生物材料的尺寸，物理特性，地形线索，生物化学和微观结构来增强MSC在组织工程中的免疫调节潜力，从而提高其临床疗效，