The ethical issues associated with using genetic engineering and gene drives in conservation are typically described as consisting of risk assessment/management, public engagement/acceptance, opportunity costs, risks/benefit distributions, and oversight. These are important, but the issues extend beyond them. The reason is that the use of genetic engineering has the potential to significantly alter the practices, concepts, and value commitments of conservation. The aims of this paper are to: (1) elucidate the broader set of ethical issues connected with a potential genetic engineering turn in conservation; (2) present an approach to ethical analysis of novel conservation technologies. I begin by discussing the primary rationales offered in support of using genetic engineering and gene drives in conservation, as well as the instrumentalist ethical perspective associated with them. The instrumentalist perspective involves assessing novel technologies as means to accomplishing desired ends. I then argue that for powerful emerging technologies the instrumentalist perspective needs to be complemented by a form of life perspective frequently employed in the philosophy of technology. The form of life perspective involves considering how novel technologies restructure the activities into which they are introduced. When the form of life perspective is applied to creative genetic engineering in conservation it brings into focus a set of ethical issues, such as those associated with power, meaning, relationships, and values, which are not captured by the instrumentalist perspective. It also illuminates why the use of gene drives in conservation is so ethically and philosophically interesting. Article impact statement: Genetic engineering in conservation warrants ethical analyses that include instrumentalist and form-of-life considerations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

---

基因工程伦理学和基因驱动保护

与在保护中使用基因工程和基因驱动相关的伦理问题通常被描述为包括风险评估/管理、公众参与/接受、机会成本、风险/收益分配和监督。这些很重要，但问题远不止这些。原因是基因工程的使用有可能显着改变保护的实践、概念和价值承诺。本文的目的是： (1) 阐明与潜在的基因工程转向保护相关的一系列更广泛的伦理问题；(2) 提出一种对新型保护技术进行伦理分析的方法。我首先讨论支持在保护中使用基因工程和基因驱动的主要理由，以及与之相关的工具主义伦理观点。工具主义观点涉及评估新技术作为实现预期目标的手段。然后我认为，对于强大的新兴技术，工具主义的观点需要得到技术哲学中经常采用的一种生活观点形式的补充。生活形式的观点涉及考虑新技术如何重组引入它们的活动。当生命形式的观点应用于保护中的创造性基因工程时，它使一系列伦理问题成为焦点，例如与权力、意义、关系和价值观相关的问题，这些问题没有被工具主义的观点所捕捉。它还阐明了为什么在保护中使用基因驱动在伦理和哲学上如此有趣。文章影响声明：保护中的基因工程需要伦理分析，包括工具主义和生命形式的考虑。本文受版权保护。版权所有。