In the past few decades, nanotechnology has proven to be one of the most powerful engineering strategies. The nanotechnologies for osteochondral tissue engineering aim to restore the anatomical structures and physiological functions of cartilage, subchondral bone, and osteochondral interface. As subchondral bone and articular cartilage have different anatomical structures and the physiological functions, complete healing of osteochondral defects remains a great challenge. Considering the limitation of articular cartilage to self-healing and the complexity of osteochondral tissue, osteochondral defects are in urgently need for new therapeutic strategies. This review article will concentrate on the most recent advancements of nanotechnologies, which facilitates chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation for osteochondral regeneration. Moreover, this review will also discuss the current strategies and physiological challenges for the regeneration of osteochondral tissue. Specifically, we will summarize the latest developments of nanobased scaffolds for simultaneously regenerating subchondral bone and articular cartilage tissues. Additionally, perspectives of nanotechnology in osteochondral tissue engineering will be highlighted. This review article provides a comprehensive summary of the latest trends in cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration, paving the way for nanotechnologies in osteochondral tissue engineering. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement.

中文翻译：

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骨软骨再生的纳米技术进展。

在过去的几十年中，纳米技术已被证明是最强大的工程策略之一。用于骨软骨组织工程的纳米技术旨在恢复软骨，软骨下骨和骨软骨界面的解剖结构和生理功能。由于软骨下骨和关节软骨具有不同的解剖结构和生理功能，因此骨软骨缺损的完全愈合仍然是巨大的挑战。考虑到关节软骨自我修复的局限性和软骨组织的复杂性，迫切需要新的治疗方法来改善软骨软骨缺损。这篇评论文章将集中于纳米技术的最新进展，其促进软骨形成和成骨分化以促进软骨软骨再生。此外，这篇综述还将讨论骨软骨组织再生的当前策略和生理挑战。具体而言，我们将总结纳米材料支架的最新进展，以同时再生软骨下骨和关节软骨组织。此外，将重点介绍纳米技术在软骨组织工程中的应用。这篇综述文章全面介绍了软骨和软骨下骨再生的最新趋势，为骨软骨组织工程中的纳米技术铺平了道路。本文归类于：可植入材料和外科技术>纳米材料和植入物生物学的纳米技术途径>生物可植入材料和外科技术中的纳米系统>