ABSTRACT Schemas capture patterns across multiple experiences, accumulating information about common event structures that guide decision making in new contexts. Schemas are an important principle of leading theories of cognitive development; yet, we know little about how children and adolescents form schemas and use schematic knowledge to guide decisions. Here, we show that the ability to acquire schematic knowledge based on the temporal regularities of events increases during childhood and adolescence. Furthermore, we show that temporally mediated schematic knowledge biases reasoning decisions in an age-dependent manner. Participants with greater temporal schematic knowledge were more likely to infer that temporally related items shared other, non-temporal properties, with adults showing the greatest relationship between schema knowledge and reasoning choices. These data indicate that the mechanisms underlying schema formation and expression are not fully developed until adulthood and may reflect the ongoing maturation of hippocampus and prefrontal cortex through adolescence.

中文翻译：

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时间图式获取的发育差异影响推理决策


摘要 模式捕获多种体验的模式，积累有关常见事件结构的信息，以指导新环境中的决策制定。图式是认知发展主导理论的重要原则；然而，我们对儿童和青少年如何形成图式并使用图式知识来指导决策知之甚少。在这里，我们表明，在童年和青春期，获取基于事件时间规律的图解知识的能力有所增强。此外，我们表明，时间介导的图式知识会以与年龄相关的方式使推理决策产生偏差。具有更多时间图式知识的参与者更有可能推断出时间相关的项目共享其他非时间属性，成年人在图式知识和推理选择之间表现出最大的关系。这些数据表明，图式形成和表达的机制直到成年才完全发育，并且可能反映了海马体和前额皮质在青春期的持续成熟。