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Low incidence of atrial septal defects in nonmammalian vertebrates.
Evolution and Development ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-09 , DOI: 10.1111/ede.12322
Bjarke Jensen 1 , William Joyce 1, 2 , Martina Gregorovicova 3 , David Sedmera 3 , Tobias Wang 2 , Vincent M Christoffels 1
Affiliation  

The atrial septum enables efficient oxygen transport by separating the systemic and pulmonary venous blood returning to the heart. Only in placental mammals will the atrial septum form by the coming‐together of the septum primum and the septum secundum. In up to one of four placental mammals, this complex morphogenesis is incomplete and yields patent foramen ovale. The incidence of incomplete atrial septum is unknown for groups with the septum primum only, such as birds and reptiles. We found a low incidence of incomplete atrial septum in 11 species of bird (0% of specimens) and 13 species of reptiles (3% of specimens). In reptiles, there was a trabecular interface between the atrial septum and the atrial epicardium which was without a clear boundary between left and right atrial cavities. In developing reptiles (four squamates and one crocodylian), the septum primum initiated as a sheet that acquired perforations and the trabecular interface developed late. We conclude that atrial septation from the septum primum only results in a low incidence of incompleteness. In reptiles, the atrial septum and atrial wall develop a trabecular interface, but previous studies on atrial hemodynamics suggest this interface has a very limited capacity for shunting.

中文翻译:


非哺乳动物脊椎动物房间隔缺损的发生率较低。



房间隔通过分隔返回心脏的全身静脉血和肺静脉血来实现有效的氧气输送。只有在胎盘哺乳动物中,房间隔才会由原房间隔继发房间隔合并形成。在四种胎盘哺乳动物中,最多有一种的这种复杂的形态发生是不完整的,并产生未闭的卵圆孔。对于仅具有原房间隔的群体(例如鸟类和爬行动物),房间隔不完整的发生率尚不清楚。我们发现 11 种鸟类(占标本的 0%)和 13 种爬行动物(占标本的 3%)房间隔不完整的发生率较低。在爬行动物中,房间隔和心房外膜之间存在小梁界面,左右心房腔之间没有明确的界限。在发育中的爬行动物(四种有鳞动物和一种鳄鱼动物)中,原隔最初是一片获得穿孔的薄片,而小梁界面发育较晚。我们的结论是,原房间隔的房间隔仅导致不完全发生率较低。在爬行动物中,房间隔和心房壁形成小梁界面,但先前对心房血流动力学的研究表明该界面的分流能力非常有限。
更新日期:2019-10-09
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